發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 08:01

  本文選題：商業(yè)方法　切入點(diǎn)：專利　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在目前的國際法框架內(nèi),原則上一切屬于技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明,無論是產(chǎn)品或工序,都屬于可專利性主題的范圍。然而,在世界范圍內(nèi)明確將商業(yè)方法排除在可專利性主題范圍之外的有69個(gè)國家,排除計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的也有64個(gè)國家。這說明,雖然科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展日新月異,但是如商業(yè)方法、計(jì)算機(jī)軟件等一類與傳統(tǒng)物質(zhì)載體下發(fā)明專利不同的客體作為可專利性主題仍存在很大的爭議。值得注意的是,在專利法國際協(xié)調(diào)中發(fā)揮最重要作用的美國、歐盟等發(fā)達(dá)國家或地區(qū)均將商業(yè)方法納入了可專利性主題的范圍。這一方面基于商業(yè)方法作為可專利性主題在國際法框架內(nèi)的合法性,另一方面也基于其作為可專利性主題有著重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和社會(huì)價(jià)值。 盡管如此,商業(yè)方法與其他類型的發(fā)明在性質(zhì)上還是有著明顯的不同。這使得我們不能簡單地將所有商業(yè)方法納入可專利性主題的范疇,而應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)入可專利性主題范圍進(jìn)行必要的限制。采用何種限制方法,與商業(yè)方法在一國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性和該國專利審查的質(zhì)量和水平呈現(xiàn)出一定的負(fù)相關(guān)——即商業(yè)方法專利在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性越高,專利審查質(zhì)量和水平越高,對(duì)商業(yè)方法的限制則越少。美國在“比爾斯基”案之后,已經(jīng)不再將“機(jī)器及轉(zhuǎn)化測試”作為唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),轉(zhuǎn)而采用更為靈活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這反映出商業(yè)方法在美國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位,以及美國專利審查的水平和質(zhì)量。歐盟自2000年以后也不再全面否定商業(yè)方法作為可專利性主題,而是采用了“技術(shù)相關(guān)”原則的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將具備技術(shù)特征的商業(yè)方法納入可專利性主題的范圍。我國的專利立法對(duì)于商業(yè)方法并無特別規(guī)定,但通過對(duì)專利行政管理的研究,本文認(rèn)為我國在審查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上也采用了類似于歐盟的“技術(shù)相關(guān)”原則。 本文通過對(duì)相關(guān)國際法的研究和梳理,認(rèn)為《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》未明確排除商業(yè)方法作為可專利性主題,進(jìn)而分析了美國、歐盟和中國在《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》的協(xié)調(diào)下自行決定的對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利保護(hù)的不同制度,最后從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度對(duì)商業(yè)方法的專利保護(hù)合理性和限制性作了分析,并根據(jù)商業(yè)方法專利在國際范圍內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢,結(jié)合商業(yè)方法專利的特殊性質(zhì)和我國的實(shí)際情況,提出了適當(dāng)?shù)耐晟粕虡I(yè)方法專利制度的建議。
[Abstract]:In the current framework of international law, in principle, all inventions in the field of technology, be they products or processes, fall within the scope of patentable subjects.However, 69 countries explicitly exclude business methods from patentable subjects worldwide, and 64 countries exclude computer software.This shows that, although the development of science and technology is changing with each passing day, there are still many controversies on the subject of patentability, such as commercial methods, computer software and other objects which are different from the patent under the traditional material carrier.It is worth noting that the United States, the European Union and other developed countries or regions that play the most important role in the international coordination of patent law have brought business methods into the scope of patentability.On the one hand, it is based on the legitimacy of business method as a patentable subject within the framework of international law, on the other hand, it has important economic and social value as a patentable subject.Nevertheless, business methods differ markedly from other inventions in nature.This makes it impossible for us to simply bring all business methods into the category of patentable subjects, but to limit them to patentable topics.There is a certain negative correlation between the use of restrictive methods and the importance of business methods in the socio-economic context of a country and the quality and level of patent review in that country-that is, the higher the importance of business method patents in the social economy,The higher the quality and level of patent review, the less restrictions on business methods.After the Birsky case, the United States no longer used "machine and transformation tests" as the sole criterion, and instead adopted more flexible standards, which reflected the importance of business methods in the social economy of the United States.And the level and quality of patent reviews in the United States.Since 2000, the European Union has not completely denied the business method as the patentability subject, but has adopted the standard of "technology related" principle, bringing the business method with technical characteristics into the scope of patentability subject.China's patent legislation has no special provisions on business methods, but through the study of patent administration, this paper holds that China has also adopted the "technology related" principle similar to that of the European Union in reviewing standards.By studying and combing the relevant international law, this paper concludes that the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips) does not explicitly exclude commercial methods as a patentable subject, and then analyzes the United States.The EU and China, in coordination with the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips), decide on their own different systems for patent protection of business methods. Finally, from an economic point of view, the EU and China make an analysis of the rationality and limitations of patent protection of business methods.According to the development trend of the commercial method patent in the international scope, combined with the special nature of the business method patent and the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the business method patent system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1;D997.1

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