本文選題：空間碎片　切入點(diǎn)：外空條約　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從人類進(jìn)入太空時(shí)代，地球軌道成為人類探索太空的重要基地。半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，各類衛(wèi)星、火箭、空間站等被送入太空，執(zhí)行各類任務(wù)，為人類生活帶來了巨大的便利。但與此同時(shí)，人類頻繁的空間活動(dòng)，也產(chǎn)生了大量的太空垃圾，各類航空器爆炸、碰撞或解體產(chǎn)生大量的空間碎片，這些碎片盤桓在外層空間，使得地球成為被垃圾包圍的星球，它們既對(duì)外層空間、大氣層、陸地和海洋造成巨大的環(huán)境污染威脅，阻礙人類進(jìn)一步探索外太空，還直接威脅其他運(yùn)作中的航空器的安全，造成人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害。 在外層空間領(lǐng)域，現(xiàn)階段具有約束力的國(guó)際條約主要制定于上世紀(jì)七八十年代。這些國(guó)際條約或僅就外層空間探索做出了原則性規(guī)定，或規(guī)定模糊缺乏實(shí)際操作性，或滯后于現(xiàn)在的科技發(fā)展水平不具有切實(shí)可行性，并不能實(shí)際解決空間碎片問題。除此以外，國(guó)際組織和一些空間大國(guó)也致力于制定各類空間碎片減緩措施及規(guī)范性文件，但是這些文件大部分缺乏強(qiáng)制性和約束力，很難真正為各航天主體遵循。而在基礎(chǔ)理論層面，空間碎片的范圍界定，“棄星”的法律定位，以及如何處理空間碎片歸屬不明問題等也成為解決空間碎片問題首先需要解決的基本問題。 然而，即便存在種種困難與障礙，空間碎片問題也是人類探索太空過程中所不可避免的，必須有效解決的問題�？萍及l(fā)展永遠(yuǎn)是從根本上解決空間碎片問題的最終途徑，但是在現(xiàn)階段科技水平受限的情況下，從制度領(lǐng)域?qū)で罂臻g碎片問題的解決之道成為解決該問題最有效最快捷的方法。完善立法，彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)行外空條約的不足，自然是解決空間碎片問題的首要途徑，此外，在世界各國(guó)共同協(xié)作的基礎(chǔ)上制定一些行之有效的制度，包括責(zé)任基金制度、保險(xiǎn)制度、市場(chǎng)份額責(zé)任制度等，也有助于從制度層面彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)在解決空間碎片問題上的不足，從而最終解決空間碎片問題，維護(hù)外層空間的可持續(xù)利用。
[Abstract]:Since mankind entered the space age, Earth orbit has become an important base for human exploration of space. For more than half a century, all kinds of satellites, rockets, and space stations have been sent into space to carry out various missions. It has brought great convenience to human life. But at the same time, the frequent space activities of human beings have also produced a large amount of space debris, and various types of aircraft explosion, collision or disintegration have produced a large amount of space debris, which is flying around in outer space, Making Earth a planet surrounded by garbage that poses a huge environmental pollution threat to outer space, the atmosphere, land and oceans, hinders the further exploration of outer space, and directly threatens the safety of other active aircraft, Causing personal and property damage. In the field of outer space, the binding international treaties at this stage were mainly formulated in the 1970s and 1980s. These international treaties either provide in principle for the exploration of outer space only, or the provisions are vague and lack practical operation. Or lag behind the current level of scientific and technological development is not feasible, can not actually solve the problem of space debris. In addition, international organizations and some major space countries are also committed to the development of various types of space debris mitigation measures and normative documents, But most of these documents are not mandatory and binding, and it is very difficult to really follow them for the spaceflight subjects. And at the basic theoretical level, the scope of space debris is defined, and the legal positioning of "discards", And how to deal with the problem of unclear attribution of space debris becomes the first basic problem to solve the problem of space debris. However, despite all the difficulties and obstacles, the problem of space debris is inevitable in the course of human exploration of space and must be effectively addressed. Scientific and technological development is always the ultimate solution to the problem of space debris. However, at the present stage when the level of science and technology is limited, finding a solution to the problem of space debris in the field of systems becomes the most effective and quickest way to solve this problem. Perfect legislation to make up for the deficiencies of the existing outer space treaties. Nature is the first way to solve the problem of space debris. In addition, on the basis of joint cooperation among the countries of the world, some effective systems have been developed, including the liability fund system, the insurance system, the market share liability system, and so on. It would also help to remedy the deficiencies of existing technologies in addressing the problem of space debris at the institutional level, thus ultimately resolving the problem of space debris and maintaining the sustainable use of outer space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D999.1

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