歐盟REACH法規(guī)在WTO框架內(nèi)的法律分析
本文選題:REACH法規(guī) 切入點(diǎn):單邊主義本質(zhì) 出處:《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:2007年6月1日,歐盟的化學(xué)品新立法《關(guān)于化學(xué)品評(píng)估、注冊(cè)、授權(quán)與限制法規(guī)》(簡(jiǎn)稱REACH法規(guī))正式生效,并將于2012年前完成所有相關(guān)化學(xué)品的統(tǒng)一管理。歐盟REACH法規(guī)的出臺(tái)昭示著國(guó)際貿(mào)易立法中的一個(gè)新趨勢(shì),即圍繞健康和環(huán)境兩個(gè)“非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”而展開(kāi)的立法日益成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易立法的主流,這符合WTO的宗旨及原則。然而,在適應(yīng)了國(guó)際貿(mào)易立法的大趨勢(shì)下,歐盟REACH法規(guī)的實(shí)施,也在多方面違反了WTO框架下的相關(guān)規(guī)定,它一改以往的法令只針對(duì)某一領(lǐng)域作用的特點(diǎn),而是作用于化學(xué)品有關(guān)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言,也造成了國(guó)際貿(mào)易環(huán)境的惡化,是影響面最廣泛的貿(mào)易壁壘。本文將REACH法規(guī)在WTO的框架內(nèi)進(jìn)行法律分析,不但重點(diǎn)分析二者的沖突性,還分析二者的相互契合之處,,揭示其單邊主義本質(zhì),提出了我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)REACH法規(guī)的措施,并指出我國(guó)應(yīng)如何制定自己的技術(shù)貿(mào)易措施。 全文共六個(gè)部分:第一章概述REACH法規(guī)的制定背景、含義及其主要內(nèi)容;第二章分析REACH法規(guī)的特點(diǎn)和本質(zhì),通過(guò)對(duì)REACH法規(guī)的相關(guān)介紹,分析它同以往歐盟化學(xué)品相關(guān)法規(guī)的獨(dú)特之處,同時(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)單邊主義進(jìn)行論述,指出這部法規(guī)的單邊主義的本質(zhì);第三章主要談?wù)揜EACH法規(guī)與WTO規(guī)則的關(guān)系,既論證了REACH法規(guī)與WTO相關(guān)規(guī)則之間的相互契合之處,同時(shí),又指出REACH法規(guī)與WTO的相關(guān)原則之間存在違背的現(xiàn)象,通過(guò)對(duì)GATT第20條(b)項(xiàng)和(g)項(xiàng)的含義的分析以及與之有關(guān)的相關(guān)案例的分析,指出REACH法規(guī)同WTO協(xié)議例外規(guī)則的不一致性;第四章分析REACH法規(guī)與技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議的關(guān)系,指出歐盟REACH法規(guī)的出臺(tái)是符合技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施設(shè)立的正當(dāng)理由,具體分析REACH法規(guī)是一種技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,通過(guò)對(duì)REACH法規(guī)與技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議相關(guān)原則的關(guān)系分析,指出REACH法規(guī)同技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議之間的不一致性;第五章指出我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)REACH法規(guī)的策略;第六章通過(guò)歐盟出臺(tái)REACH法規(guī)這一技術(shù)貿(mào)易措施維護(hù)其大國(guó)地位為我國(guó)制定自己的技術(shù)貿(mào)易措施提出借鑒。
[Abstract]:On June 1, 2007, the European Union's new legislation on Chemicals Assessment, Registration, Authorization and restriction (REACH) came into effect. And will complete the unified management of all related chemicals by 2012. The introduction of the EU REACH regulations indicates a new trend in international trade legislation. That is to say, the legislation developed around the two "non-economic factors" of health and environment has increasingly become the mainstream of international trade legislation, which is in line with the purpose and principles of WTO. However, under the general trend of international trade legislation, the implementation of EU REACH regulations, It also violates in many ways the relevant provisions within the framework of the WTO, which changed from the fact that previous laws focused only on the characteristics of the role in one area, but on various fields related to chemicals, for developing countries, It also causes the deterioration of the international trade environment and is the most extensive trade barrier. This paper makes a legal analysis of the REACH regulations within the framework of WTO, not only to analyze the conflict between the two, but also to analyze their mutual agreement. This paper reveals the essence of unilateralism, puts forward the measures to deal with the REACH regulations, and points out how to formulate our own technical trade measures. The thesis consists of six parts: the first chapter summarizes the background, meaning and main contents of REACH legislation, the second chapter analyzes the characteristics and essence of REACH regulations, through the relevant introduction of REACH laws and regulations, This paper analyzes its uniqueness with the previous EU chemical regulations, and points out the essence of unilateralism through the discussion of unilateralism. Chapter three mainly discusses the relationship between REACH regulations and WTO rules. At the same time, it points out that there is a breach between the REACH law and the relevant principles of WTO. Through the analysis of the meaning of item 20 (b) and item (g) of GATT and the analysis of relevant cases, the author points out the inconsistency between REACH regulations and the exception rules of WTO agreement, the fourth chapter analyzes the relationship between REACH regulations and TBT agreement. It is pointed out that the introduction of EU REACH regulations is a legitimate reason for the establishment of technical trade measures, and the specific analysis of REACH regulations is a kind of technical barriers to trade. The relationship between REACH regulations and the relevant principles of TBT agreements is analyzed. The author points out the inconsistency between the REACH regulations and the TBT agreement, the fifth chapter points out the strategies of our country to deal with the REACH regulations. In chapter 6, we propose a reference for our country to establish its own technical trade measures through the introduction of REACH regulations, which is a technical trade measure to safeguard its status as a big country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:D996.1
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