本文選題：兒童福利　切入點：兒童福利政策　出處：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球兒童福利以極大的步伐向普惠型、發(fā)展型方向靠近,兒童福利權(quán)保障成為現(xiàn)代文明國家不可回避的任務(wù),如何確保兒童福利政策及法律能夠最大化的關(guān)注兒童福利問題、回應(yīng)兒童社會問題、滿足兒童福利需求,成為服務(wù)型政府最為關(guān)注的兒童福利議題。兒童福利政策及法律作為兒童福利之規(guī)范性文本,是落實兒童福利制度設(shè)計最長效、最具強(qiáng)制力的手段,是約束政府兒童福利行政執(zhí)行與落實的強(qiáng)力武器,是保障兒童福利權(quán)的堅實堡壘。兒童福利理論與實踐顯示,兒童福利制度設(shè)計是兒童福利成熟與否的必然標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但是,受政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、社會環(huán)境以及公眾意識等多種因素影響,我國兒童福利制度發(fā)展仍比較落后,與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比相距甚遠(yuǎn)。具體表現(xiàn)在:從兒童福利政策層面來看,我國雖然形成了比較完備的兒童福利政策體系,但還存在諸多問題。比如,兒童福利相關(guān)政策相對分散,未能形成全國統(tǒng)一的兒童福利制度體系;兒童福利政策合法性與可行性存在缺陷,可操作性與實效性不足。從兒童福利法律層面來看,雖然出臺了兒童教育、醫(yī)療、司法、基本生存保障等方面相關(guān)的法律法規(guī),但兒童福利權(quán)保障仍存在較大漏洞,形勢堪憂。比如,我國尚未制定兒童福利法典,與兒童福利相關(guān)的法律交叉混亂、未能形成統(tǒng)一的兒童福利法律體系;兒童福利法律制定主體、內(nèi)容、制定程序等還有待完善,兒童福利立法研擬、法律的成本與效益分析、以法律實施的社會效果為基礎(chǔ)的實證分析方面還有較大提升空間;與兒童福利法律相配套的行政管理體制還存在多頭管理、缺少協(xié)調(diào)與問責(zé)機(jī)制等問題。為了回應(yīng)以上問題,就我國而言,需要從兒童福利政策與兒童福利法律兩個層面重新審視我國兒童福利制度設(shè)計這一課題。首先,需要借助法政策學(xué)理論知識,運(yùn)用法政策分析的思維看待兒童福利并思考兒童福利制度設(shè)計之出路;其次,需要積極探索發(fā)達(dá)國家兒童福利制度設(shè)計之啟發(fā),取其精華并為我所用;再次,從兒童福利政策層面來看,兒童福利政策理念有待悉心品讀、琢磨,提取適合我國國情的普惠型發(fā)展理念,實現(xiàn)我國兒童的立體發(fā)展,還需提升我國兒童福利政策自身之合法性與可行性,真正發(fā)揮政策指導(dǎo)立法的效果;最后,從兒童福利法律層面來看,應(yīng)盡快制定有效的兒童福利管理體制,出臺統(tǒng)一的兒童福利法律,做到有法可依,設(shè)置完善的兒童福利行政管理體制,確保執(zhí)法必嚴(yán),建立專門的兒童福利經(jīng)費(fèi)管理體制,這是兒童福利開展的物質(zhì)與經(jīng)費(fèi)基礎(chǔ)。應(yīng)當(dāng)說,從法政策分析之視角看待兒童福利可以發(fā)現(xiàn)新問題、獲得新啟發(fā),最終獲得兒童福利制度設(shè)計的最佳方案。
[Abstract]:The global child welfare is approaching to inclusive and development-oriented, and the protection of child welfare rights has become an unavoidable task for modern civilized countries. How to ensure that child welfare policies and laws can maximize attention to child welfare issues, Responding to children's social problems and meeting the needs of children's welfare have become the most concerned issues for service-oriented governments. Child welfare policies and laws, as normative texts for children's welfare, are the most effective design for the implementation of the child welfare system. The most coercive means is a powerful weapon that restrains the implementation and implementation of the government's child welfare administration, and is a solid fortress for safeguarding the rights of children's welfare. The theory and practice of child welfare show that. The design of child welfare system is an inevitable criterion for the maturity of children's welfare. However, influenced by many factors, such as politics, economic development level, social environment and public consciousness, the development of child welfare system in China is still relatively backward. Compared with the developed countries, there are many problems, such as the relative dispersion of child welfare policies, although China has formed a relatively complete child welfare policy system from the perspective of child welfare policy. Failing to form a unified national child welfare system, the legitimacy and feasibility of the child welfare policy are flawed, operational and effective. From the perspective of child welfare law, although children's education, medical treatment, and justice have been introduced, Basic survival protection and other related laws and regulations, but there are still large gaps in the protection of the right to child welfare, the situation is worrying. For example, China has not yet formulated a child welfare code, and the laws related to child welfare are intersected and confused. The main body, content and procedure of child welfare law are still to be perfected, the legislation on child welfare is developed, and the cost and benefit of the law are analyzed. There is still much room for improvement in the empirical analysis based on the social effects of the implementation of the law. There are still many problems in the administrative management system corresponding to the child welfare law, such as lack of coordination and accountability mechanism. In order to respond to the above problems, As far as our country is concerned, we need to re-examine the design of our child welfare system from the two aspects of child welfare policy and child welfare law. Using the thinking of law and policy analysis to think about the child welfare and the way out of the design of the child welfare system; secondly, we need to actively explore the inspiration of the design of the child welfare system in developed countries, take its essence and use it for our own use; third, From the perspective of child welfare policy, the concept of child welfare policy needs to be carefully read, pondered, and the concept of inclusive development suitable for China's national conditions is extracted to realize the three-dimensional development of children in our country. It is also necessary to enhance the legitimacy and feasibility of our country's child welfare policy and give full play to the effect of the policy guidance and legislation. Finally, from the perspective of the child welfare law, we should establish an effective child welfare management system as soon as possible. To enact a unified child welfare law, to ensure that there are laws to be followed, to set up a sound administrative system for children's welfare, to ensure strict enforcement of the law, and to establish a special management system for children's welfare funds. This is the material and financial basis for the development of child welfare. It should be said that looking at child welfare from the perspective of legal and policy analysis can discover new problems, gain new inspiration, and finally obtain the best scheme for the design of child welfare system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D998.2

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