本文選題：最密切聯系原則　切入點：涉外侵權　出處：《吉林大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：最密切聯系原則是指法院在審理某一涉外民事案件時，要綜合分析與該法律關系有關的各種因素，尋找和確定與案件和當事人有最重要、最本質、最真實聯系的一個國家或地區(qū)，從而以該國家或地區(qū)的法律作為其準據法。最密切聯系原則是傳統(tǒng)法律選擇方法的更新與發(fā)展，代表了國際私法價值取向由形式正義向實質正義的轉變，滿足了國際社會對法律適用的公正性和合理性的追求。 盡管最密切聯系原則在各國國內立法與國際條約中廣為采用，但學者們對最密切聯系原則的認識遠未達到統(tǒng)一，司法實踐者對于如何使該原則在侵權領域的審理中發(fā)揮作用仍然意見迥異。由于最密切聯系原則在合同領域的典型性，我國的學者對最密切聯系原則及其在合同領域的運用的研究較多，但專門研究其在侵權領域的運用的論著還很少，本文就是要將最密切聯系原則和侵權的法律適用結合起來，研究該原則在侵權領域的運用及在我國侵權領域引入最密切聯系原則的相關問題。 本文采用比較研究方法和實證方法，力圖通過國內外對最密切聯系原則在侵權領域運用的分析，來論證最密切聯系原則的必要性，并對最密切聯系原則在侵權領域運用存在的優(yōu)勢和弊端進行解讀，提出相應的防范措施，以便其能揚長避短，更好地解決我國侵權領域的法律沖突問題。本文除引言外，在主體結構上分為四個部分，分別是最密切聯系原則與涉外侵權領域之概述、最密切聯系原則跟傳統(tǒng)涉外侵權法律適用原則相比具有哪些優(yōu)勢、如何確定最密切聯系原則在涉外侵權領域的地位、最密切聯系原則在我國涉外侵權領域實踐中的問題和解決。 本文先對最密切聯系原則和涉外侵權領域進行了概述，闡述了最密切聯系原則理論的形成過程以及產生的原因，闡述了研究涉外侵權的重要性以及合理適用最密切聯系原則對解決涉外侵權案件有何積極意義。 其次，對傳統(tǒng)涉外侵權法律適用原則以及不足進行分析，指出相比之下最密切聯系原則在涉外侵權領域的優(yōu)勢是闡明法律適用的理由從而使法制正規(guī)化、可以增強沖突法對案情的適應能力、有利于實現個案公正。 接著，對最密切聯系原則中存在爭議的重要理論問題——如何確定最密切聯系原則在涉外侵權領域的地位進行了深入研究，通過與準據法補充原則說、基本原則說、法律選擇方法說的比較，得出在涉外侵權領域，應把最密切聯系原則定位為指導性原則的結論。通過理論分析對我國目前在涉外侵權領域對最密切聯系原則的定位提出建議。 但是，最密切聯系原則是一把雙刃劍，，如果對其不正確適用，可能會走上單邊主義的歧途，以至顛覆整個國際私法體系。最后，通過理論闡述和對案例的統(tǒng)計分析，指出最密切聯系原則在涉外侵權領域適用實踐中存在的問題包括：缺乏有針對性的實證研究，對法官自由裁量權的限制不夠，裁判文書中對適用最密切聯系原則的理由論理不足，對最密切聯系原則適用的理解存在偏差等。要解決這些弊端，就要大力開展有針對性的實證研究，提高法官駕馭最密切聯系原則的能力，構建中國國際私法判例制度，以及注意與其他制度相結合。
[Abstract]:The close principle refers to the court in the trial of a foreign civil case, various factors to comprehensive analysis of the legal relationship related to the search and identify with the case and the parties are the most important, the essence of a country or region the most real connection, to the national or regional laws as applicable law. The close principle is the traditional choice of law method of renewal and development, on behalf of the international private law value orientation change from form justice to substantial justice, to meet the international community on the law applicable to the pursuit of fairness and rationality.
Although the close principle is widely used in national legislation and international treaties, but the scholars' understanding of the doctrine is far from uniform. How to make the principle of judicial practice to play a role in tort is still indifferent views in the trial. As typical of the doctrine in the field of contract, I Chinese scholars on the close principle and its application in the field of contract research more, but devoted to the study of its use in the field of tort works is few, this paper is to be most closely associated with the applicable principles of tort law and combine the related problems using the research of the principle in the field of tort and the introduction of the principle of the closest connection in the field of tort in our country.
Research methods and empirical methods compared with the domestic and foreign through the analysis on the application of the doctrine in the field of tort, to prove the necessity of the doctrine, and to interpret the most closely linked to the principle of using the advantages and disadvantages in the tort field, puts forward some corresponding preventive measures, so that it can avoid. To better solve the problem of conflict of laws of tort in our country. In addition to the introduction this paper is divided into four parts in the main structure, which is an overview of the most signifincant relationship and the most closely linked, what are the advantages compared with the traditional principle of principles applicable to foreign-related tort law, how to determine the status of the doctrine in in tort, most closely associated with the problem of the principle in our country tort in practice and solve.
This paper first summarizes the close principle and tort, discusses the formation process of the most closely linked to the principle of theory and the causes, expounds the importance of foreign-related tort and reasonable application of the most closely linked to the principle of what is of positive significance to solve foreign-related tort cases.
Secondly, the traditional principle of application of foreign-related tort law and the lack of analysis, pointed out that compared with the most closely linked advantage principle in tort is to clarify the legal applicable reason can normalize the legal system, can enhance the ability to adapt to the conflict of laws, is beneficial to realizing individual justice.
Then, on the important theoretical issues of controversy most closely linked to the principle of how to determine the status of the doctrine in tort is studied, and the applicable law by supplementary principle, basic principle, comparative method of choice of law said, that in tort, should be the most closely linked to the principle of positioning as the guiding principle of the conclusion. Through the theoretical analysis of our current recommendations in the tort of the doctrine.
However, the doctrine is a double-edged sword, if not properly apply the unilateralism may go astray, and subversion of the private international law system. Finally, through theoretical analysis and statistical analysis of the cases that including the existence of the doctrine in foreign tort field application problems in practice: the lack of targeted empirical research, to the discretion of the judge's judgment on the limit is not enough, is most closely linked to the principle of reason on insufficient deviation on the doctrine of the most significant relationship. To solve these problems, we must vigorously carry out targeted empirical research, improve the ability of judges manage the close principle, construction Chinese precedent system of the private international law, and in combination with other system.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 馬志強;;最密切聯系原則的成因分析[J];西南政法大學學報;2013年04期

本文編號：1646844