發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-17 01:07

  本文選題：電放提單　切入點(diǎn)：功能　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：提單在國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸中的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)相當(dāng)?shù)某墒欤瑖?guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸公約和國(guó)內(nèi)立法也相對(duì)的規(guī)范。這些無疑對(duì)提單的應(yīng)用起到了積極的促進(jìn)作用。提單是物權(quán)憑證，占有提單也就擁有了貨權(quán)。通過法律擬制將提單物權(quán)化，方便了當(dāng)事人對(duì)貨物的買賣行為。然而在近洋運(yùn)輸中，當(dāng)事人的目標(biāo)很明確，就是將貨物順利的運(yùn)抵目的港，中途很少涉及貨物的轉(zhuǎn)賣問題。傳統(tǒng)提單流轉(zhuǎn)速度緩慢，傳遞效率低下的弊端就顯得尤為突出，往往造成貨物早于提單到達(dá)目的港。為了克服“貨等單”的快船危機(jī)，相關(guān)當(dāng)事人就選擇了電放提單的應(yīng)用。電放提單通過電報(bào)、電話、電子郵件等方式傳輸，其速度之快、效率之高，此特質(zhì)順利解決了快船危機(jī)。具備此特點(diǎn)的單證還有海運(yùn)單和電子提單。本文首先通過對(duì)電放提單的產(chǎn)生背景作一介紹，之后系統(tǒng)、全面的從概念、操作流程、特點(diǎn)和法律屬性等方面進(jìn)行論述，從而為其法律適用做好鋪墊。第二部分通過對(duì)電放提單、海運(yùn)單和電子提單三者的比較，從操作流程、法律功能及特點(diǎn)方面彰顯了其各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)，以方便貿(mào)易商選擇對(duì)其有利的單證。同時(shí)，通過對(duì)電放提單性質(zhì)的分析和法律適用的考察，也更加完整的論述了電放提單適用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。比如其同原運(yùn)輸合同的關(guān)系，，承運(yùn)人的交貨義務(wù)以及與三大國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸公約的關(guān)系等。在應(yīng)用電放提單的情形下，主要面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可歸結(jié)為：第一，對(duì)于出口商來說，可能喪失貨權(quán)和貨物控制權(quán)，面臨貨代和進(jìn)口商聯(lián)手欺詐的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；第二，對(duì)于收貨人來說，可能喪失貨物和貨物保險(xiǎn)索賠權(quán)以及對(duì)承運(yùn)人的訴權(quán)；第三，對(duì)于承運(yùn)人來說，可能因?yàn)闆]有做到謹(jǐn)慎識(shí)別托運(yùn)人，而面臨錯(cuò)交貨物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最后，鑒于對(duì)各種資料文獻(xiàn)的參考，對(duì)電放提單應(yīng)用中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避也作了一些使用建議。比如，加強(qiáng)對(duì)客戶信用資質(zhì)的考察、采取投保出口信用保險(xiǎn)、選擇安全主動(dòng)的交貨模式以及大力推廣海運(yùn)單的使用等等。
[Abstract]:The application of bill of lading in the international carriage of goods by sea has been quite mature, and the convention of international carriage of goods and the domestic legislation are also relatively standard. These undoubtedly play a positive role in promoting the application of bill of lading. Bill of lading is a document of title. Possession of the bill of lading also has the right to goods. The legal fiction of the bill of lading makes it easier for the parties to buy and sell goods. However, in the near ocean transportation, the parties have a clear goal, that is, to transport the goods smoothly to the port of destination. The problem of resale of goods is seldom involved in the midway. The disadvantage of low efficiency in the transfer of traditional bills of lading is especially prominent, which often causes the goods to reach the port of destination earlier than the bill of lading. The parties concerned have chosen the application of the bill of lading. The bill of lading is transmitted by telegram, telephone, e-mail and so on. It is fast and efficient. This characteristic has successfully solved the crisis of express ship. The documents with this characteristic are also ocean bill and electronic bill of lading. This paper first introduces the background of the bill of lading, and then systemically, comprehensively from the concept, operation flow, The characteristics and legal attributes are discussed in order to pave the way for the application of the law. The second part compares the three aspects of the electronic discharge bill of lading, ocean bill of lading and electronic bill of lading. The functions and characteristics of the law show their respective advantages in order to facilitate the traders to choose the documents in their favor. At the same time, through the analysis of the nature of the electronic discharge bill of lading and the investigation of the application of the law, It also discusses more fully the matters needing attention in the application of the bill of lading. For example, the relationship between the bill of lading and the original contract of carriage, the carrier's obligation to deliver goods and the three major conventions on the international carriage of goods, etc. In the case of the application of the bill of lading, The main risks can be summarized as follows: first, for exporters, they may lose their right to goods and control the goods, and face the risk of forwarder and importer jointly defrauding; second, for the consignee, The right to claim for goods and goods insurance and the right of action against the carrier may be lost; third, the carrier may be exposed to the risk of misdelivery of the goods because of his failure to carefully identify the shipper... finally, In view of the references to various materials and literature, some suggestions on risk aversion in the application of electronic discharge bills of lading are also made. For example, to strengthen the investigation of the credit qualifications of customers and to take out export credit insurance, Choose safe and active delivery mode and vigorously promote the use of sea waybills and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 裘丹楓;電放法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：1622464