本文選題：銀行監(jiān)管　切入點(diǎn)：巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國際金融一體化和金融自由化是當(dāng)今國際金融領(lǐng)域最引人注目的兩大趨勢。這兩大趨勢也給銀行帶來了前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。金融自由化使得限制競爭的規(guī)則有所放寬，而金融一體化則使銀行的經(jīng)營空間進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，使其能夠跨國開展各種業(yè)務(wù)。但與此同時(shí)，一體化和自由化也為既有的金融體系帶來了不安定性，它使跨國銀行在經(jīng)營中面臨著更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也給目前各國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一的銀行監(jiān)管體制造成了前所未有的沖擊。正是為了推進(jìn)各國監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一化以及實(shí)現(xiàn)各國監(jiān)管當(dāng)局的協(xié)調(diào)，巴塞爾文件體系誕生了。 自1975年巴塞爾文件體系發(fā)布以來，其在國際銀行監(jiān)管領(lǐng)域的權(quán)威性逐漸得到廣泛認(rèn)可，體系中的原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也被眾多國家從借鑒，一些國家甚至將體系中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)化為自身的國內(nèi)法或區(qū)域性規(guī)范。最近，巴塞爾委員會(huì)在1988年巴塞爾資本協(xié)議I和2004年巴塞爾資本協(xié)議II的基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)布了巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ，提出了更嚴(yán)格的資本金要求，設(shè)定了資本留存緩沖比例，引入了杠桿率監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還力求建立一個(gè)全球通用的流動(dòng)性監(jiān)管指標(biāo)。巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ的出臺(tái)，有助于各國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)于銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)控能力的進(jìn)一步提升，同時(shí)也能夠督促各國銀行加強(qiáng)其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和內(nèi)部治理能力。 巴塞爾協(xié)議雖然本身不具有強(qiáng)制約束力，但在國際上已經(jīng)得到普遍的公認(rèn)，其內(nèi)容也在世界范圍內(nèi)被參照實(shí)施。由于各國在經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和監(jiān)管模式上存在差異，特別是發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家在監(jiān)管理念、監(jiān)管水平和監(jiān)管模式上仍然有較大的差距，因此，發(fā)展中國家如何在國際銀行監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一化的趨勢下，立足于自身的實(shí)際情況，逐步引入巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ，便成為了完善其銀行監(jiān)管制度的一大難題。 隨著我國金融市場與國際金融市場的聯(lián)系日益緊密，我國作為發(fā)展中國家，，要想在一體化和自由化的浪潮中抓住發(fā)展的機(jī)遇，就必須學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的監(jiān)管理念和監(jiān)管模式，并化為己用。由于我國監(jiān)管理念較為落后，對(duì)應(yīng)的各項(xiàng)法律法規(guī)也并不健全，巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ的內(nèi)容以及各國的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)都是值得我國借鑒的。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)必然會(huì)對(duì)我國銀行監(jiān)管法律制度的完善提供有益的助力。 本文開篇先介紹巴塞爾資本協(xié)議的歷史沿革，并將巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ和巴塞爾協(xié)議II進(jìn)行對(duì)比，充分說明巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ在監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及方式上有何革新。同時(shí)結(jié)合金融危機(jī)后的國際背景，分析巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ可能具有的國際影響并對(duì)其進(jìn)行比較分析。之后，本文通過將巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ的具體內(nèi)容和我國銀行監(jiān)管體系現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行對(duì)比，檢視出我國體系現(xiàn)存的不足。最后，本文結(jié)合我國監(jiān)管體系的現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)我國應(yīng)如何構(gòu)建符合國際潮流的監(jiān)管制度提出了建議。筆者認(rèn)為，針對(duì)我國當(dāng)前的銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管狀況，應(yīng)當(dāng)完善外部監(jiān)管制度，健全我國銀行內(nèi)部的治理結(jié)構(gòu)，充分發(fā)揮內(nèi)外部監(jiān)管的綜合效應(yīng)。同時(shí)，還要重視信息披露制度的完善，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度。此外，注重填補(bǔ)法律制度的空白，構(gòu)建起與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致的銀行監(jiān)管法律制度，這一點(diǎn)也是至關(guān)重要的。
[Abstract]:International financial integration and financial liberalization are the two most eye-catching trends in today's international financial sector. These two trends but also to the banks brought hitherto unknown development opportunity. Financial liberalization makes competition rules have been relaxed, but the bank financial integration of the business space to further expand, so that it can carry out a variety of transnational business but at the same time, integration and liberalization to the existing financial system has brought instability, it makes multinational banks facing more risks, but also to the current national standard is not a banking system caused a hitherto unknown impact. It is in order to promote the national regulatory standards and implementation of unified national regulatory coordination the Basel authorities, the file system was born.
Since the release of the 1975 Basel file system, its authority in the field of international banking supervision has been widely recognized, and the principle of the standard system has also been a number of countries from reference, some countries even in the system into its domestic law or regional regulations. Recently, the Basel Committee in 1988 Basel capital the I agreement and the 2004 Basel capital accord II, issued the Basel accord, made more stringent capital requirements, set capital cushion ratio, introduced leverage regulatory standards, but also strive to establish a global liquidity supervision index. The Basel III introduction, help to further enhance to regulators for bank risk control ability, but also to urge the banks to strengthen their risk management and internal governance.
Although the Basel agreement itself is not binding, but in the international arena has been widely recognized, its content in the world by reference implementation. Because of the difference between countries in the economic environment and the mode of supervision, especially in developing countries and developed countries in the regulatory philosophy, regulatory standards and supervision model is still a large gap, therefore, how the developing countries in international banking supervision standard unified trend, based on their actual situation, the gradual introduction of Basel III, has become a major problem to improve the banking supervision system.
With the financial market and international financial market in China is more closely linked, as a developing country, to seize the opportunity for development in the integration and the trend of liberalization, we must learn the advanced supervision idea and mode, and to their own. Because China's regulatory philosophy is relatively backward, the corresponding laws and regulations also Basel III is not perfect, the content and the practical experience of various countries are worthy of our reference. These experiences will improve the legal system of banking supervision in China to provide useful help.
This paper first introduces the history of the Basel Capital Accord, and the Basel accord and the Basel agreement II comparison, fully explain Basel 3 what is innovation in the regulatory standards and methods. Combined with the international background of financial crisis, the international influence of the Basel Agreement III may have analysis and comparative analysis of the later. In this paper, by comparing the specific content of the Basel III and the status quo of China banking supervision system, examine deficiencies of our existing system. Finally, combining with the status quo of our country's supervision system of our country, put forward proposals on how to build in line with the international trend of the supervision system. The author believes that, in view of our country current banking supervision, we should perfect the external supervision system, improve the internal governance structure of our country's banks, give full play to the comprehensive effect of internal and external supervision. At the same time, but also We should pay more attention to the improvement of information disclosure system and further strengthen supervision. In addition, we should focus on filling in the gaps in the legal system and establishing a banking regulatory regime consistent with international standards.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.2;D922.281

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