本文選題：碳排放權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：初始分配制度　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)峻的今天,人類已經(jīng)意識(shí)到了全球氣候變暖所帶來的種種危害。這些危害不單單會(huì)影響到我們生存的環(huán)境,更會(huì)影響到人類種族的延續(xù)。在這樣一個(gè)背景之下,來自全世界范圍內(nèi)的192個(gè)國家共同簽署了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》,并加入了《京都議定書》,共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候危機(jī)�！毒┒甲h定書》對(duì)其部分締約國設(shè)定了強(qiáng)制性減排義務(wù),即限定最高排放上限。因此,碳排放權(quán)配額這一新名詞應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。目前被限以強(qiáng)制減排義務(wù)的國家,多選擇在其國內(nèi)建立以免費(fèi)分配為主的碳排放權(quán)分配制度。通過無償?shù)姆绞綄⒄畯摹毒┒甲h定書》下繼受的碳排放權(quán)分配給國內(nèi)行業(yè)、企業(yè)。由于碳排放權(quán)常被歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家分配給其本國的碳密集型出口企業(yè),用于增強(qiáng)這些特定行業(yè)、企業(yè)在碳排放限額制度下盡可能減少受到的影響,并保持其在國際市場(chǎng)上的強(qiáng)勁競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。因此,這種無償分配碳排放權(quán)的分配制度構(gòu)成了WTO規(guī)則下的補(bǔ)貼。針對(duì)不同國家的實(shí)際情況,其分配所具體構(gòu)成的補(bǔ)貼類型也不盡相同。澳大利亞的碳排放權(quán)分配構(gòu)成了禁止性補(bǔ)貼,而歐盟和美國則構(gòu)成了可訴性補(bǔ)貼。但是不得不承認(rèn),西方發(fā)達(dá)國家成熟的碳排放權(quán)分配制度及其完善的法律保障體系都是值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的。雖然中國目前并不需要承擔(dān)《京都議定書》下的強(qiáng)制性減排義務(wù),但是作為世界最大的發(fā)展中國家,中國不得不居安思�！，F(xiàn)如今中國的碳排放權(quán)分配制度采用了西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的免費(fèi)分配模式,不過仍處在起步階段的中國碳排放權(quán)分配制度仍然存在很多問題,例如對(duì)碳排放權(quán)限額的規(guī)定不明確、相關(guān)法律體系不完善、分配的監(jiān)管機(jī)制缺失等問題。因而,中國需要在不斷地摸索中繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。盡管西方發(fā)達(dá)國家所采用的免費(fèi)分配模式構(gòu)成WTO規(guī)則下的補(bǔ)貼。但是基于中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和自身利益考慮,仍然要堅(jiān)持以無償?shù)奶寂欧艡?quán)分配制度為主的分配模式。但同時(shí)仍需要通過確立以歷史排放發(fā)放量作為免費(fèi)碳排放配額的分配標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、建立碳排放權(quán)分配制度的三方監(jiān)督機(jī)制、提高立法技術(shù)規(guī)避專項(xiàng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等措施在多個(gè)方面降低構(gòu)成補(bǔ)貼的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在不影響中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前提下,積極減少溫室氣體的排放量、提高能源利用率,創(chuàng)建環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:In today's increasingly serious environmental problems, mankind has been aware of the dangers of global warming. These hazards do not only affect the environment in which we live. Will affect the continuation of the human race. In such a context, 192 countries from around the world have signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and joined the Kyoto Protocol to tackle the global climate crisis. The Kyoto Protocol imposes mandatory emission reduction obligations on some of its parties. Therefore, the new term "carbon emission quota" came into being. Countries that are currently limited to mandatory emission reduction obligations, Choose to establish a system of carbon emission rights allocation based on free distribution in their countries. The carbon emission rights that the government receives from the Kyoto Protocol will be allocated to the domestic industry in a free manner. Because carbon emission rights are often allocated to carbon-intensive export enterprises in developed countries, such as the United States and the United States, to enhance these specific industries, the impact on enterprises under the carbon emission cap system is minimized, And to maintain its strong competitiveness in the international market. Therefore, this allocation system of free allocation of carbon emissions constitutes a subsidy under the WTO rules. Australia's carbon emissions allocation constitutes a prohibited subsidy, while the European Union and the United States constitute actionable subsidies. The mature carbon emission rights allocation system and its perfect legal protection system in western developed countries are worthy of our learning. Although China does not need to undertake mandatory emission reduction obligations under the Kyoto Protocol at present, But as the world's largest developing country, China has to be vigilant. Today, China's carbon emissions allocation system is based on the free allocation model of the developed countries in the West. However, there are still many problems in China's carbon emission rights allocation system, which are still in its infancy. For example, the provisions on carbon emission rights limits are not clear, the relevant legal system is not perfect, and the regulatory mechanism for allocation is missing. China needs to keep on groping. Although the free distribution model adopted by the western developed countries constitutes a subsidy under the WTO rules, it is based on China's economic development and its own interests. But at the same time, we still need to establish the tripartite supervision mechanism of carbon emission right allocation system by establishing the allocation standard of free carbon emission quota with historical emission distribution as the standard. On the premise of not affecting China's economic development, we should actively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency, and create an environment-friendly society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1;D996.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 饒蕾;曾騁;張發(fā)林;;歐盟碳排放交易配額分配方式對(duì)我國的啟示[J];環(huán)境保護(hù);2009年09期

2 楊枝煌;;關(guān)于建立中國特色碳配額許可交易體系的思考——應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的戰(zhàn)略統(tǒng)籌[J];對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào);2012年01期

3 楊枝煌;;建立中國特色碳配額許可交易體系的戰(zhàn)略思考[J];中國井岡山干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2012年02期

4 周文波;陳燕;;論我國碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀、問題與對(duì)策[J];江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年03期

5 尹敬東;周兵;;碳交易機(jī)制與中國碳交易模式建設(shè)的思考[J];南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年02期

6 楊枝煌;;中國特色碳配額許可交易體系的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)建[J];中國經(jīng)貿(mào);2012年02期

7 陸敏;趙湘蓮;李巖巖;;碳排放交易國內(nèi)外研究熱點(diǎn)問題綜述[J];中國科技論壇;2012年04期

8 錢錕;;對(duì)我國碳交易市場(chǎng)的思考[J];知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年23期

9 許春燕;;國際碳交易發(fā)展及我國碳市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建[J];中國流通經(jīng)濟(jì);2012年03期

10 熊焰;;“碳補(bǔ)償”先于“碳配額”[J];新理財(cái)(政府理財(cái));2010年09期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 梁睿;美國清潔空氣法研究[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2010年

2 于天飛;碳排放權(quán)交易的市場(chǎng)研究[D];南京林業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1590041