本文選題：邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施　切入點(diǎn)：氣候變化　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2009年6月,美國(guó)眾議院通過(guò)《清潔能源與安全法案》后,一種俗稱為“碳關(guān)稅”的國(guó)際貿(mào)易措施開始進(jìn)入人們的視野,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了國(guó)際社會(huì)的激烈討論。有相當(dāng)一部分意見認(rèn)為,此種貿(mào)易措施違背了WTO的相關(guān)規(guī)則,但又缺乏詳細(xì)的論證。于是筆者希望對(duì)該措施的內(nèi)涵、提出背景及其與WTO相關(guān)規(guī)則的相符性進(jìn)行研究,還希望從中得到一些有益于我國(guó)今后應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的啟示。文章分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分介紹了現(xiàn)有的、關(guān)于邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施的一些主張,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,筆者嘗試著對(duì)其進(jìn)行了法律界定。筆者認(rèn)為,“碳關(guān)稅”一詞并不能正確揭示此種爭(zhēng)議措施的真實(shí)內(nèi)涵,“邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施”才是這一類措施合理的稱謂,它是指一種由已經(jīng)承擔(dān)減排義務(wù)的國(guó)家出于維護(hù)其國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)和相關(guān)行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、防止碳泄露的雙重目的而發(fā)起的、旨在針對(duì)來(lái)自尚未減排國(guó)家的進(jìn)口商品苛征一定負(fù)擔(dān)的措施。在現(xiàn)行國(guó)際氣候制度下,它又通常被認(rèn)為是一種發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家針對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家所采取的措施。 第二部分分析了邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施產(chǎn)生的背景。從直觀上看,該措施是基于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的擔(dān)憂而產(chǎn)生的；但從實(shí)質(zhì)上看,它實(shí)則反映了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)現(xiàn)行國(guó)際氣候制度的不認(rèn)同,揭露了這些國(guó)家試圖通過(guò)國(guó)際貿(mào)易手段逼迫發(fā)展中國(guó)家承擔(dān)與其不相適應(yīng)的減排義務(wù)的企圖。 第三部分比較了邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施現(xiàn)有的制度設(shè)計(jì)與WTO相關(guān)規(guī)則的相符性。筆者認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)有的邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施很可能構(gòu)成對(duì)最惠國(guó)待遇、國(guó)民待遇、關(guān)稅減讓、取消數(shù)量限制等WTO規(guī)則的違背,且不能成功援引一般例外條款,故是一種不能被WTO所接受的貿(mào)易措施。 最后一部分,筆者探討了邊境碳調(diào)節(jié)措施對(duì)提高我國(guó)今后應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化能力所產(chǎn)生的啟示。當(dāng)?shù)吞冀?jīng)濟(jì)已成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展潮流,我國(guó)在積極參與未來(lái)國(guó)際氣候談判的同時(shí),應(yīng)加速轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、加強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化法制建設(shè),從而不斷提高應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的能力,在氣候變化問(wèn)題上體現(xiàn)我國(guó)在氣候變化問(wèn)題上的負(fù)責(zé)態(tài)度,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面謀求自身合理、正當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:In June 2009, when the House of Representatives passed the Clean Energy and Security Act, a measure of international trade, commonly known as "carbon tariffs," came into view. This led to a heated discussion in the international community. A considerable number of opinions suggest that such trade measures violate the relevant rules of the WTO, but lack detailed argumentation. This paper puts forward the background and its conformity with the relevant rules of WTO, and also hopes to get some useful inspiration for our country to deal with climate change in the future. The article is divided into four parts:. The first part introduces some of the existing ideas on border carbon regulation measures, and on this basis, The author tries to define it by law. The author thinks that the term "carbon tariff" can not correctly reveal the true connotation of this kind of controversial measures, and that "border carbon regulation measures" is a reasonable term for this kind of measures. It refers to a dual purpose of protecting domestic enterprises and related industries against carbon leakage by countries that have already undertaken emission reduction obligations. Measures aimed at imposing a burden on imports from countries that have not yet cut emissions. Under the current international climate regime, it is often considered a measure taken by developed countries against developing countries. The second part analyzes the background to the generation of border carbon regulation measures. Intuitively, the measures are based on competitiveness concerns; but in essence, they reflect the developed countries' disapproval of the current international climate regime. It exposed attempts by these countries to force developing countries through international trade to undertake incommensurate emission reduction obligations. In the third part, the author compares the conformity between the existing system design of border carbon regulation measures and the relevant rules of WTO. The author thinks that the existing border carbon regulation measures may constitute the most-favoured-nation treatment, national treatment and tariff concession. It is a kind of trade measure which cannot be accepted by WTO because the breach of WTO rules such as quantity restriction can not be successfully invoked by the general exception clause. In the last part, the author discusses the enlightenment of the border carbon regulation measures on improving the ability of our country to cope with climate change in the future. When the low-carbon economy has become an irreversible trend of development, While actively participating in the future international climate negotiations, China should accelerate the transformation of its economic growth pattern and strengthen its legal system to deal with climate change, so as to continuously improve its ability to cope with climate change. China's responsible attitude on climate change is embodied in the issue of climate change, and its own reasonable and legitimate development rights and interests are sought in the aspect of economic development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996;D922.29;D922.68

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