本文選題：涉外消費者　切入點：法院管轄權　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟全球化，涉外消費日趨增多，尤其是網(wǎng)絡科技的發(fā)展，也更是使得涉外消費簡單而又頻繁。本身消費者經(jīng)濟實力，獲取信息的能力，自我保護能力就往往不如生產(chǎn)者或是經(jīng)營者。而在涉外消費的背景下，消費者的這些能力似乎又顯得更加微弱。在涉外消費爭端中，無論是在消費合同糾紛中，還是消費侵權糾紛中，消費者都處于弱勢。調整涉外民商事關系的國際私法則是與涉外消費紛爭最密切相關的法律。而國際私法中的弱者利益原則要求國際私法的法律規(guī)則的設置應當重視弱者利益的保護。 國際私法對消費者的保護，最普遍的是法院管轄權與準據(jù)法適用兩方面對消費者的保護。法院管轄是涉外消費者在維權過程中遇到的第一道門檻。一般的法院管轄制度，即原告就被告的制度，并沒有對涉外消費者進行特殊保護。反而，這種看似平等的管轄制度讓消費者維權摸不著門。因此，國際私法有必要在法院管轄制度方面進行特殊設計，從而使得消費者能夠更加方便地開展維權。而準據(jù)法適用規(guī)則無疑為消費者在茫茫的法律迷霧中指引著方向。準據(jù)法適用就如同一幅地圖，帶領消費者穿越叢林，找到希望。連接點是法律適用的核心，連接點的各異及其不同組合也都構成不同的地圖，從而指引的方向與效果也就各異。要想對涉外消費者進行切實的保護，就要精心布置這些連接點，以求找到最方便、快捷的道路。 當然，國際私法要想實現(xiàn)對涉外消費者的全面保護，僅僅考慮法院管轄與準據(jù)法適用兩方面是遠遠不夠的。法院的判決需要承認與執(zhí)行，，準據(jù)法的適用需要高效與經(jīng)濟，因此，我們也需要重視國際私法中的其他法律制度。如將統(tǒng)一實體法引入消費者的國際私法保護方式中，大大增強了法律適用的權威性與強制性。將非訴訟爭端解決機制引入消費者的國際私法保護方式中，則又使得消費者權益保護的踐行性與經(jīng)濟性。 國際私法中對消費者進行保護，是與弱者利益保護原則相符的。國際私法對消費者進行保護，這既符合人權保護的要義，又符合經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展的要義。國際私法相關規(guī)則的設置既要特殊，又要全面，才能達到保護消費者利益的目的。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of economy and the increasing consumption of foreigners, especially with the development of network science and technology, foreign consumption is also simple and frequent. Consumers themselves have the economic strength and the ability to obtain information. The ability of self-protection is often not as good as that of producer or operator. In the context of foreign consumption, the ability of consumers seems to be weaker. In foreign-related consumption disputes, whether in consumer contract disputes, Or in a consumer tort dispute, Consumers are all in a weak position. Private international law, which regulates civil and commercial relations involving foreigners, is the law most closely related to foreign consumption disputes. However, the principle of the interests of the weak in private international law requires that the legal rules of private international law should be set up. Attention should be paid to the protection of the interests of the weak. The protection of consumers by private international law is the protection of consumers in both the jurisdiction of the court and the application of applicable law. The jurisdiction of the court is the first threshold encountered by the consumers concerned in the process of safeguarding their rights. That is, the plaintiff did not give special protection to foreign consumers in respect of the defendant's system. On the contrary, this seemingly equal jurisdiction system left consumers unable to defend their rights. Therefore, it is necessary for private international law to make a special design for the court jurisdiction system. This makes it easier for consumers to defend their rights. And the applicable rules of law undoubtedly guide consumers in the fog of law. The application of law is like a map that leads consumers through the jungle. Finding hope. The connection point is the core of the application of the law, and the different connection points and their different combinations also constitute different maps, so the direction and effect of the guidance will be different. In order to effectively protect the consumers involved in foreign affairs, These connections should be carefully arranged in order to find the most convenient and fast road. Of course, if private international law is to realize the comprehensive protection of consumers involved in foreign affairs, it is far from enough to consider only the jurisdiction of the court and the application of applicable law. The judgment of the court needs to be recognized and enforced, and the application of the applicable law needs to be efficient and economical. Therefore, we also need to pay attention to other legal systems in private international law, such as the introduction of uniform substantive law into consumer private international law protection, It greatly strengthens the authority and compulsion of the application of law, and introduces the non-litigation dispute settlement mechanism into consumers' private international law protection, which makes the protection of consumers' rights and interests practical and economical. The protection of consumers in private international law is consistent with the principle of protecting the interests of the weak. Private international law protects consumers, which conforms to the essence of the protection of human rights. The establishment of the relevant rules of private international law should not only be special, but also comprehensive, in order to achieve the purpose of protecting the interests of consumers.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D997.1

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