本文選題：船舶　切入點：油污損害　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，，各國對油類產(chǎn)品的需求激增，海上石油運輸量也隨之急劇上升，同時由于各類船舶在海上交通運輸中通常使用燃油作為動力能量來源，導(dǎo)致大量油類產(chǎn)品因操作性或事故性的原因流入海洋。改革開放以來，中國逐步發(fā)展為石油進口大國和航運大國，在石油化工及其相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時，船舶油污事故對我國海洋環(huán)境的威脅也越來越大。近年來，“塔斯曼�！卑浮ⅰ鞍⑻岣纭卑傅戎卮蠼４坝臀凼鹿暑l發(fā)，也考驗著我國應(yīng)對相關(guān)事故處理能力和索賠機制。 不得不承認與我國石油大國地位形成鮮明對比的是，我國不僅在油污事故處理技術(shù)上遠遠落后于發(fā)達國家的清污水平，而且在制度上缺乏一套有效、完備的海洋船舶油污損害賠償法律體系，相關(guān)規(guī)定過于模糊、分散，缺乏對案件處理的實際指導(dǎo)意義，這樣就使得法律適用混亂、賠償范圍不清的情況時有發(fā)生。此外，由于船舶保險不到位以及沒有建立船舶油污賠償基金，使得缺乏資金保障亦成為阻礙我國船舶油污賠償體系建立的一個巨大障礙。 本文通過研究目前船舶油污損害賠償中的三個爭議較大的問題，即海事審判中對國際公約與國內(nèi)法等賠償依據(jù)的選擇問題、天然漁業(yè)資源中長期損失和純經(jīng)濟損失的賠償標準和賠償范圍問題以及船舶油污損害賠償基金的建立與管理問題，論述了國內(nèi)油污損害賠償制度建立的必要性，分析了我國目前由國際公約、《海洋環(huán)境法》、《海商法》、《船舶防污條例》以及司法解釋組成的油污損害賠償體制存在的問題與不足，比較了國際上現(xiàn)有的三種船舶油污損害賠償模式，探討了國際通行的油污賠償制度與我國國情的銜接問題，并針對正在起草的船舶油污基金管理辦法提出了若干供學(xué)界、立法和司法機關(guān)參考的意見建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global economy, the demand for oil products in various countries has increased sharply, and the amount of oil transported by sea has also increased sharply. At the same time, oil is usually used as a source of power energy by all kinds of ships in maritime transportation. Since the reform and opening up, China has gradually developed into a big oil importing country and a shipping country, while the petrochemical industry and its related industries are developing rapidly. In recent years, the "Tasman Sea" case, "Attico" case and other major offshore ship oil pollution accidents occur frequently, which also test our ability to deal with related accidents and claim mechanism. We have to admit that in sharp contrast to our country's status as a major oil country, our country not only lags far behind the level of decontamination of developed countries in the treatment of oil pollution accidents, but also lacks a set of effective systems. The complete legal system for compensation for oil pollution damage caused by marine vessels is too vague and scattered and lacks practical guidance to the handling of cases. This makes the application of the law chaotic and the scope of compensation often unclear. In addition, Because the ship insurance is not in place and the ship oil pollution compensation fund has not been set up, the lack of fund guarantee has become a great obstacle to the establishment of the ship oil pollution compensation system in our country. This paper studies three controversial issues in the compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, that is, the choice of compensation bases such as international conventions and domestic laws in maritime trials. The compensation standard and compensation scope of long-term and pure economic losses of natural fishery resources and the establishment and management of compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships are discussed. The necessity of establishing domestic compensation system for oil pollution damage is discussed. This paper analyzes the problems and shortcomings of the oil pollution compensation system, which is composed of international conventions, Marine Environmental Law, Maritime Law, ship pollution Prevention regulations and judicial interpretation. This paper compares three kinds of models of compensation for oil pollution damage of ships in the world, probes into the connection between the internationally prevailing oil pollution compensation system and the national conditions of China, and puts forward some suggestions for academic circles in the light of the management methods of the ship oil pollution fund being drafted. Suggestions for reference by legislative and judicial organs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.294;D996.19

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