本文選題：北極外大陸架　切入點：劃界　出處：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：21世紀以來,隨著全球氣候變暖趨勢的不斷加劇,北極地區(qū)的海冰厚度和冰蓋范圍急劇減少,這使得對于北極的科學考察、資源開發(fā)、新航道開辟等活動更具現實意義,北極的地緣戰(zhàn)略地位因而顯著提高。北極戰(zhàn)略價值的陡增,引發(fā)了北極周邊國家對于北極資源和空間的爭奪,北極外大陸架的劃界問題就是最為直接的體現。北極大陸架外部界限的劃定直接關乎北極地區(qū)整體性的治理格局以及全世界的共同利益,而以何種方式規(guī)范和治理北極外大陸架劃界問題,也成為了當前北極問題研究的核心議題。現階段,通過既有國際海洋法理規(guī)范北極外大陸架的劃界問題是最為現實可行的路徑。1982年的《聯合國海洋法公約》是當前全球范圍內最具權威性和普遍性的處理海洋劃界問題的國際法規(guī),加之北極以北冰洋為主體的地理特性,以《聯合國海洋法公約》為主體的國際法理機制規(guī)范北極外大陸架劃界問題具有不可代替的合理性與合法性。而在具體實踐中,如何以現有的國際海洋法制度系統(tǒng)科學地規(guī)范北極外大陸架劃界問題,如何解決在實際規(guī)范過程中遇到的問題和困難,這都是需要我們深入思考和研究的。北極外大陸架的劃界問題與北極現階段所面臨的主要矛盾密不可分,北極域內國家之間、域內國家與域外國家之間、資源開發(fā)與原住民利益之間這三組主要矛盾是北極外大陸架劃界問題產生的主要背景。同時,在面臨主要矛盾的大背景下,北極外大陸架爭議的產生,來源于多重因素。這些因素直接或間接地造成了今天北極外大陸架劃界的復雜局勢。面對如此復雜而激烈的局面,海洋法視角的運用為北極外大陸架劃界的問題的具體治理及實踐提供了科學可行的依據和契機,以《聯合國海洋法公約》為代表的現有國際法理機制對于規(guī)范北極外大陸架劃界的實際問題具有重要的指導意義。然而,從某些層面來看,我們也需要注意的是,以《聯合國海洋法公約》為代表的現有國際法理機制在部分法規(guī)條款和規(guī)范程序上仍然存在著缺陷與不足,這也可能會加劇北極當前各國依據現有海洋法機制的漏洞大肆牟取自身利益,從而造成北極地區(qū)更為復雜的地緣局勢。長遠來看,探索更為系統(tǒng)合理的海洋法理機制,以科學、嚴謹、高效的法理程序規(guī)范北極外大陸架的劃界問題,從而實現北極各方的利益協(xié)調以及北極公共地位的有效維護,將具有重大而深遠的意義。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, with the increasing trend of global warming, the sea ice thickness and ice cover in the Arctic region have decreased dramatically, which makes the activities of scientific exploration, resource development and new waterway opening in the Arctic more realistic. As a result, the geostrategic position of the Arctic has increased significantly. The sharp increase in the strategic value of the Arctic has led to competition for Arctic resources and space among the countries around the Arctic. The delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf is the most direct manifestation. The delineation of the outer limits of the Arctic continental shelf is directly related to the overall governance pattern of the Arctic region and the common interests of the whole world. And the question of how to regulate and govern the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf has also become the core issue in the current study of Arctic issues. At this stage, The most realistic and feasible way is to regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf through the existing international maritime jurisprudence. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 is the most authoritative and universal approach to maritime delimitation in the world at present. International legislation on the issue, In addition, the Arctic Ocean is the main body of the Arctic, and the international legal mechanism with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the main body has irreplaceable rationality and legitimacy in regulating the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. How to scientifically regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf with the existing international regime of the law of the sea, and how to resolve the problems and difficulties encountered in the course of practical norms, All this requires our in-depth thinking and study. The delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf is inextricably linked to the main contradictions facing the Arctic at this stage. These three main contradictions between the exploitation of resources and the interests of indigenous peoples are the main background of the problem of delineation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. At the same time, under the background of the major contradiction, the dispute over the outer Arctic continental shelf has arisen. Derived from multiple factors that, directly or indirectly, contributed to the complex situation in which the delineation of the continental shelf outside the Arctic today takes place... in the face of such a complex and intense situation, The application of the perspective of the law of the sea provides a scientific and feasible basis and opportunity for the specific governance and practice of the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. The existing international legal mechanisms, represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, have important guidance on the practical issues of regulating the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. However, at some levels, we also need to note that, The existing international legal mechanisms, represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, still have shortcomings and deficiencies in some legal provisions and normative procedures, This may also exacerbate the fact that the current Arctic countries are profiting from the loopholes in the existing law of the sea regime, thus creating a more complex geographical situation in the Arctic region. In the long run, exploring more systematic and rational legal mechanisms for the oceans for scientific purposes, It will be of great and far-reaching significance to regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf by strict and efficient legal procedures, so as to realize the coordination of the interests of the parties to the Arctic and the effective maintenance of the public status of the Arctic.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D993.5

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