本文選題：氣候變化　切入點：氣候技術(shù)　出處：《廣東商學院》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：氣候變化及其引發(fā)的一系列嚴重后果已越來越引起各國政府、國際組織、環(huán)保組織乃至一般民眾的極大關(guān)注,氣候變化問題已經(jīng)成為全球性問題。人類活動向大氣中排放的大量溫室氣體被認為加強了地球的溫室效應,從而造成全球暖化。應對全球氣候變化需要減緩氣候變化以及適應氣候變化引發(fā)的不利后果�！堵�(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》(UNFCCC)及其《京都議定書》(KP)是應對氣候變化最重要的全球性多邊法律文件。UNFCCC要求發(fā)達國家應采取一切實際可行的步驟,促進、便利和資助向其他締約方特別是發(fā)展中國家締約方轉(zhuǎn)讓或使它們有機會獲得氣候技術(shù)和專有技術(shù),以使它們能夠履行本公約的各項規(guī)定。盡管UNFCCC已經(jīng)生效17年之久,KP生效也有14年,但氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓始終沒有取得突破性進展,其中有UNFCCC和KP本身的原因,可能也與另一個全球性多邊協(xié)議-《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》(TRIPs協(xié)議)有關(guān)。發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓不充分的法律原因并提出完善建議,對促進氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓以更好地應對全球氣候變化具有重要意義。對此,論文分成四個部分展開論述。 第一部分在定義了“氣候”、“氣候變化”概念的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了氣候變化的原因及其科學上的不確定性;接著描繪了應對全球氣候變化的多邊法律框架,并指出應對氣候變化的兩種措施;最后通過與相關(guān)概念的比較,定義了本文其他幾個關(guān)鍵的概念:氣候技術(shù)、氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓。 第二部分梳理了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》(UNFCCC)及其《京都議定書》(KP)關(guān)于氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的命令框架;通過回顧氣候技術(shù)談判進展及其焦點問題,指出氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓不充分是因為普遍缺少政治意愿、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓命令本身不具有可操作性以及UNFCCC缺少有力的遵約機制;最后分析了KP設(shè)立的靈活機制與氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的關(guān)系。 第三部分討論《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》(TRIPs)與氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的關(guān)系。重點考察了TRIPs關(guān)于技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的“推機制”、“拉機制”以及其他像強制許可條款、控制限制性商業(yè)措施條款和專利信息披露條款等可能影響氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的規(guī)定。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有明確的證據(jù)表明增強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護會有利于氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓,發(fā)展中國家也無法利用TRIPs規(guī)定的靈活機制來獲得氣候技術(shù)。 第四部分基于前三章的分析,提出氣候技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓法律機制的完善需遵循合作原則、比例原則、透明原則、合理使用原則和堅持UNFCCC原則,同時從范式選擇、UNFCCC國家履行信息報告制度、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓資金機制、KP靈活機制、建立合適的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護制度、氣候技術(shù)強制許可制度、完善TRIPs協(xié)議第六十六條第2款的規(guī)定等方面提出建議。
[Abstract]:Climate change and its series of serious consequences have attracted increasing attention from governments, international organizations, environmental organizations and even the general public. Climate change has become a global problem. The massive amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by human activities is thought to have strengthened the Earth's Greenhouse Effect. In response to global climate change, climate change needs to be mitigated and the adverse consequences of adaptation to climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol (KP) are among the most important in combating climate change. The important global multilateral legal document, .UNFCCC, requires developed countries to take all practicable steps, Promoting, facilitating and financing the transfer of, or access to, climate technology and know-how to other parties, in particular to developing country parties, To enable them to fulfil the provisions of this Convention. Although it has been 17 years since the entry into force of the UNFCCC and 14 years after the entry into force of the KP, there has been no breakthrough in the transfer of climate technology, including UNFCCC and KP itself, May also be relevant to another global multilateral agreement, the trips Agreement... Discover the legal causes of inadequate transfer of climate technology and make recommendations for improvement, It is of great significance to promote the transfer of climate technology to better deal with global climate change. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss. The first part discusses the causes of climate change and its scientific uncertainties, based on the definitions of "climate" and "climate change", and then describes the multilateral legal framework for addressing global climate change, Two measures to deal with climate change are pointed out and several other key concepts in this paper are defined by comparison with related concepts: climate technology and climate technology transfer. The second part reviews the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol on the transfer of climate technology, and reviews the progress of the climate technology negotiations and their focus issues, It is pointed out that the inadequacies of climate technology transfer are due to the general lack of political will, the lack of maneuverability of the technology transfer order itself and the lack of a strong compliance mechanism of UNFCCC. Finally, the relationship between the flexible mechanism established by KP and the transfer of climate technology is analyzed. The third part discusses the relationship between trips and the transfer of climate technology. It focuses on the "push mechanism", "pull mechanism" and other compulsory licensing provisions of TRIPs on technology transfer. Provisions that may affect the transfer of climate technology, such as restrictive commercial measures and patent disclosure provisions. The analysis found no clear evidence that enhanced intellectual property protection would facilitate the transfer of climate technology, Nor can developing countries take advantage of the TRIPs's flexible mechanisms to gain access to climate technology. 4th based on the analysis of the first three chapters, the author points out that the perfection of the legal mechanism of climate technology transfer should follow the principles of cooperation, proportionality, transparency, rational use and adherence to the UNFCCC principle. At the same time, from the perspective of the UNFCCC model, the UNFCCC country should implement the information reporting system, the technology transfer financial mechanism and the KP flexible mechanism, and establish an appropriate intellectual property protection system and a climate technology compulsory licensing system. To improve the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 66th of TRIPs Agreement, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：廣東商學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D99

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