本文選題：國際司法程序　切入點(diǎn)：法庭之友　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著國際司法體系的構(gòu)建和完善,法庭之友制度被引入國際法層面,并在近數(shù)十年內(nèi)得到了較快發(fā)展。但是,國際司法程序中法庭之友的主體問題尚不太明晰,因此,“誰可以成為法庭之友”以及“各國際司法機(jī)關(guān)之間存在哪些差異”就成為文章所要探討的主要問題。通過對不同國際司法機(jī)關(guān)規(guī)則和實(shí)踐的考查,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),在當(dāng)今的國際司法程序中,法庭之友主體可以區(qū)分為一般主體和特殊主體。一般主體包括國家、國際組織、NGO和私人；而特殊主體則包括準(zhǔn)國家、單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)和超國家體等。與特殊主體相比,法庭之友的一般主體參與國際司法程序是最常見情形；而在各一般主體中也存在著制度和實(shí)踐上的區(qū)別。一般而言,國家和國際組織是更易被接受的法庭之友主體,而NGO和私人的法庭之友主體資格則常常面臨爭議。實(shí)踐中,NGO不但是提交法庭之友申請數(shù)量和實(shí)際參與案件數(shù)量最多,也是表現(xiàn)最活躍的主體,這在很大程度上推動(dòng)了法庭之友制度在國際司法程序中的發(fā)展。從法庭之友制度在國際法體系中得以確立以至不斷發(fā)展的歷史過程來看,國際司法程序?qū)τ诜ㄍブ阎贫鹊慕邮苁且粋�(gè)“螺旋式”上升的過程。當(dāng)然,不同的國際司法機(jī)關(guān)也存在著不同的政策考量尺度,呈現(xiàn)出了各自的特點(diǎn)。在早期的國際司法活動(dòng)中,國際法庭一般不愿意接受法庭之友,但是隨著法庭之友申請數(shù)量的增多和要求接受法庭之友的呼聲漸高,各國際法庭紛紛通過修改規(guī)則或法條解釋的途徑,接受了法庭之友。在法庭之友參與案件的合法性問題上,各司法機(jī)關(guān)也形成明顯差別,有的司法機(jī)關(guān)的程序規(guī)則對法庭之友作出了明確的規(guī)定,而其他司法機(jī)關(guān)的程序規(guī)則中卻缺乏確切依據(jù)。對于法庭之友主體范圍的大小,各司法機(jī)關(guān)也存在明顯的差異。其中,以國際法院和WTO為代表的“選擇接受”型國際司法機(jī)關(guān),一般只接受國家和國際組織為法庭之友；而以歐洲人權(quán)法院和美洲人權(quán)法院為代表的區(qū)域性法院,以及刑事、投資仲裁方面的專門性法庭,不僅接受國家、國際組織為法庭之友,同時(shí)也接受NGO和私人,屬于“普遍接受”。而從國際司法實(shí)踐來看,一般地,“選擇接受”型的國際司法機(jī)關(guān)有關(guān)法庭之友的案例較少,而在“普遍接受”型的國際司法機(jī)關(guān)中,法庭之友的案例則十分豐富。對于以上內(nèi)容的考查,文章主要采用了實(shí)證和比較分析的方法加以展開。其中,第一部分從總體上闡釋了國際司法程序中法庭之友的主體類型；第二部分則針對不同的司法機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行了分別考查,主要是以規(guī)則和司法實(shí)踐為考查線索；第三部分是對不同國際司法機(jī)關(guān)考查結(jié)果的分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了展望。
[Abstract]:With the construction and perfection of international judicial system, amicus curiae system has been introduced into international law and developed rapidly in recent decades. However, the subject question of amicus curiae in international judicial proceedings is not very clear. Thus, "who can be amicus curiae" and "what are the differences between international judicial organs" are the main issues to be addressed in the article... through an examination of the rules and practices of different international judicial organs, it can be found that. In today's international judicial process, amicus curiae subjects can be divided into general subjects and special subjects. The general subjects include States, international organizations, NGOs and private individuals, while special subjects include parastatals. Separate customs territories and supranational bodies... The participation of amicus curiae general subjects in international judicial proceedings is the most common situation compared with special subjects; in general, there are institutional and practical differences among general subjects... States and international organizations are more acceptable amicus curiae subjects, while NGO and private amicus curiae subject qualifications often face controversy. In practice, NGOs not only submit amicus curiae applications and actually participate in cases, It is also the most active subject, which to a large extent promotes the development of amicus curiae system in international judicial proceedings. From the historical process of establishing amicus curiae system in the system of international law and even of its continuous development, The international judicial process is a "spiral" of acceptance of the amicus curiae system. Of course, different international judicial organs also have different measures of policy considerations. In early international judicial activities, the Tribunal was generally reluctant to accept amicus curiae, but as the number of amicus curiae applications increased and calls for acceptance of amicus curiae grew, The international tribunals have accepted amicus curiae one after another by amending the interpretation of rules or articles of law. There are also marked differences among the judicial organs regarding the legality of amicus curiae participation in cases. The rules of procedure of some judicial organs make clear provisions for amicus curiae, while the rules of procedure of other judicial organs lack a precise basis. There are also obvious differences among the judicial organs in the scope of the amicus curiae subject. The "opt-in" international judicial organs, represented by the International Court of Justice and the WTO, generally accept only States and international organizations as amicus curiae; regional courts, represented by the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and criminal matters, The specialized courts in the field of investment arbitration, which not only accept States, international organizations as amicus curiae, but also NGO and private individuals, are "generally accepted"... and from the point of view of international judicial practice, Generally speaking, there are fewer cases of amicus curiae in the "opting-acceptance" type of international judicial organ, while in the "universally accepted" type of international judicial organ, the amicus curiae case is very rich. The first part explains the main types of amicus curiae in the international judicial process in general, the second part examines the different judicial organs separately. The third part is the analysis of the results of the examination of different international judicial organs, on the basis of which the prospect is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D994;D997

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 肖永平;李韶華;;美國法庭之友制度的價(jià)值緯度與實(shí)證研究[J];東方法學(xué);2011年04期

2 趙海峰;;略論國際司法機(jī)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢[J];人民司法;2005年09期

3 曾煒;;WTO爭端解決中“法庭之友”之實(shí)證分析[J];世界貿(mào)易組織動(dòng)態(tài)與研究;2006年08期

4 劉京蓮;;法庭之友參與國際投資仲裁體制研究[J];太平洋學(xué)報(bào);2008年05期

5 臧立;論WTO與單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)[J];外交學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1558620