本文關(guān)鍵詞： 有利原則 法律適用 實(shí)體政策 弱者保護(hù)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：有利原則已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)今國際私法上一個(gè)越來越受到關(guān)注的確立準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的原則，它蘊(yùn)含著一定的立法政策或目的，要求在法律選擇過程中直接或間接地促進(jìn)特定的法律結(jié)果或法律目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。綜觀各國國際私法立法，其應(yīng)用范圍涉及婚姻家庭領(lǐng)域、合同領(lǐng)域、侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域等，即使不直接地使用“適用有利于……的法”這一沖突規(guī)范術(shù)語，也通過其他各種各樣的方式貫徹有利原則。隨著涉外民商事的發(fā)展，有利原則有著極為廣闊的適用空間，鑒于它的重要性，總結(jié)、提煉出“有利原則”，明確其基本特征、性質(zhì)及定位，以便更好的貫徹該原則，指導(dǎo)國際私法立法和司法實(shí)踐，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)國際私法的價(jià)值追求。 本文采用歷史研究方法、比較研究方法對有利原則的內(nèi)涵、理論淵源、定位和效力以及作用進(jìn)行了研究，并詳細(xì)地列舉了有利原則在各國法律中的立法例，最后在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了我國《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》貫徹有利原則的現(xiàn)狀，并提出了完善建議。本文主體部分共分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分包含三個(gè)小部分。首先對有利原則作了一般概述，對其概念、特征、主要類型給予界定；接著回溯了國際私法的理論流派，尋找蘊(yùn)含著有利原則的理論淵源；最后確立了有利原則的定位和效力，將其界定為法律適用中的一項(xiàng)具體原則。 第二部分介紹了有利原則的作用。有利原則運(yùn)用范圍廣泛，在不同的領(lǐng)域，發(fā)揮著不同的作用。運(yùn)用于保護(hù)弱者，發(fā)揮著尊重與保障人權(quán)，，實(shí)現(xiàn)公平與正義的作用；運(yùn)用于法律行為有效性，則尊重了當(dāng)事人的合理期望與促進(jìn)交易；運(yùn)用于婚姻關(guān)系的成立與解除，體現(xiàn)了尊重當(dāng)事人的婚姻自由。 第三部分是整篇文章的重點(diǎn)，分別論述了有利原則的三種類型，即“有利于弱者”、“有利于法律行為的有效性”、“有利于婚姻關(guān)系的成立或解除”，并且詳細(xì)的分析了各個(gè)國家法律中貫徹有利原則的立法例，總結(jié)出各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的立法趨勢，對我國構(gòu)建相關(guān)法律選擇規(guī)則有重要的借鑒意義。 第四部分從有利原則的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、判斷主體、“度”的問題這三個(gè)密切相關(guān)的問題入手，來分析在實(shí)踐中如何才能合理、正確的貫徹有利原則。 第五部分是對我國《涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法》貫徹有利原則的現(xiàn)狀的評述，該部法律借鑒了一些國際上先進(jìn)的立法，順應(yīng)了國際私法的發(fā)展趨勢，但同時(shí)也存在一些問題，應(yīng)在明確價(jià)值追求的前提下，不斷發(fā)展和完善。
[Abstract]:The favorable principle has become a more and more concerned principle of establishing applicable law in private international law, which contains certain legislative policy or purpose. In the process of choice of law, it is required to directly or indirectly promote the realization of specific legal results or legal purposes. In a general survey of national private international law legislation, its scope of application involves marriage and family, contract, tort, and so on. Even if the conflicting normative term "the application of the law in favour" is not used directly, it will be implemented in a variety of other ways. With the development of foreign civil and commercial affairs, the favourable principle has a very broad scope of application. In view of its importance, the author summarizes, abstracts out the "favorable principle", clarifies its basic characteristics, nature and orientation, so as to better carry out the principle, guide the legislation of private international law and judicial practice, and then realize the value pursuit of private international law. This paper uses the historical research method, compares the research method to the beneficial principle connotation, the theory origin, the localization and the effect as well as the function has carried on the research, and has enumerated in detail the advantageous principle in the national law legislation example, Finally, this paper analyzes the current situation of the implementation of the favorable principle in the Law applicable to Civil Relations concerning Foreign Affairs in China, and puts forward some suggestions for its perfection. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts:. The first part contains three small parts. Firstly, it gives a general overview of the favorable principle, defines its concept, characteristics and main types, and then looks back on the theoretical schools of private international law to find the theoretical origin of the beneficial principle. Finally, it establishes the orientation and effect of the favorable principle and defines it as a concrete principle in the application of law. The second part introduces the role of the favorable principle, which is widely used in different fields and plays a different role in protecting the weak, respecting and protecting human rights, and realizing fairness and justice. When applied to the validity of legal acts, it respects the reasonable expectations of the parties and promotes the transaction, and the application of the application to the establishment and dissolution of the marriage relationship reflects the respect for the parties' freedom of marriage. The third part is the focus of the whole article, which discusses the three types of favorable principles, That is, "in favor of the weak", "in favor of the validity of the legal act", "conducive to the establishment or dissolution of the marriage relationship", and analyzed in detail the legislative examples of the implementation of the favorable principle in the laws of various countries, and summed up the legislative trends in various fields. It has important reference significance for our country to construct the relevant law choice rule. The 4th part analyzes how to carry out the favorable principle reasonably and correctly in practice, starting with three closely related problems: the judgment standard of favorable principle, the subject of judgment and the problem of "degree". The 5th part is a review of the current situation of the implementation of the favorable principle in the Law applicable to Civil Relations concerning Foreign Affairs in China. This law draws lessons from some international advanced legislation and conforms to the development trend of private international law, but there are also some problems at the same time. Should in the clear value pursuit premise, unceasingly develops and consummates.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1

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