本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》 國(guó)際海洋法法庭 初步管轄權(quán) 臨時(shí)措施　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)前國(guó)際大環(huán)境下,各國(guó)都在致力于發(fā)展本國(guó)軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的能力,提升自己的國(guó)際地位。而隨著海洋在國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略中地位提升,便成了各國(guó)在衡量本國(guó)綜合實(shí)力的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo),也是各國(guó)在國(guó)際新秩序中占據(jù)有力地位的重要法碼。但在各國(guó)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,由于全球化不可逆的趨勢(shì),各種政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化利益交織,這也就決定了各國(guó)際主體之間不可避免的存在摩擦、矛盾甚至爭(zhēng)端,根據(jù)國(guó)際習(xí)慣法以及國(guó)際法基本原則的要求,各國(guó)際主體應(yīng)該以和平方式解決爭(zhēng)端,禁止使用任何武力或武力威脅的方法。如果爭(zhēng)議當(dāng)事國(guó)不能通過(guò)自身選擇的任何和平手段達(dá)成有效協(xié)議,他們則有義務(wù)訴諸于強(qiáng)制性爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制,并在遵守公約限制和例外的前提下形成有拘束力的判決。公約確立的機(jī)制為解決爭(zhēng)端提供了四種可選擇的方法：國(guó)際海洋法法庭(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“法庭”),國(guó)際法庭,根據(jù)公約附件七組成的仲裁法庭,以及根據(jù)公約附件八組成的特殊仲裁法庭。當(dāng)事國(guó)享有《公約》第287條用書(shū)面聲明的方式自由選擇以上一種或一種以上方法的權(quán)利,書(shū)面聲明將存放在聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)處。 國(guó)際海洋法法庭是根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“公約”)而設(shè)立的獨(dú)立司法機(jī)關(guān),旨在裁判因解釋或適用《公約》所引起的爭(zhēng)端。法庭總部設(shè)在德國(guó)漢堡。法庭管轄權(quán)包括根據(jù)《公約》及其《執(zhí)行協(xié)定》而提交法給庭的所有爭(zhēng)端,以及在賦予法庭管轄權(quán)的其它任何協(xié)定中已具體規(guī)定的所有事項(xiàng)。 聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法法庭自1996年成立至今,已有23個(gè)案件登記在案。而本文主要以國(guó)際海洋法法庭的相關(guān)案件為切入點(diǎn),并結(jié)合國(guó)際海洋法法庭涉及臨時(shí)措施的其他登記案例,法官的解讀、意見(jiàn),探究國(guó)際海洋法法庭的初步管轄權(quán)制度。文章主體內(nèi)容共分為四部分。第一部分是對(duì)國(guó)際海洋法法庭初步管轄權(quán)的概述,主要從特征、作用、必要性和相關(guān)問(wèn)題等方面進(jìn)行分析,從宏觀上把握初步管轄權(quán),并為下文具體分析臨時(shí)措施奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第二部分則是從國(guó)際海洋法法庭的初步管轄權(quán)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入手,從主體、爭(zhēng)端事項(xiàng)及認(rèn)定條件這三方面進(jìn)行闡述。第三部分研究庭初步管轄權(quán)的程序問(wèn)題。文章最后,討論法庭初步管轄權(quán)對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示,以及在實(shí)踐過(guò)程中的注意事項(xiàng),以期對(duì)解決我國(guó)日益復(fù)雜的海洋爭(zhēng)端有所裨益,更好地維護(hù)我國(guó)合法的海洋權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:In the current international environment, countries are committed to the development of its military capabilities, and other aspects of the economy, enhance its international status. With the ocean in the international strategy to enhance the status, has become an important indicator in the national comprehensive national strength, but also the means to occupy a strong position in the new international order in. But in the process of the development of all countries, due to globalization irreversible trend, various political, economic and cultural interests, which also determines the existence of inevitable friction between each of the subjects, and even contradictory dispute, according to international customary law and the basic principles of international law, the international body should resolve the dispute in a peaceful way, prohibit the use of any force or the threat of force method. If the dispute when anything can not through their own choice of peaceful means an effective agreement, they also have the obligation to To resort to compulsory dispute settlement mechanism, and the binding force of the judgment form subject to the limitations and exceptions of the Convention. The mechanism of the Convention provides four alternative methods for resolving disputes: the International Tribunal for the law of the sea (hereinafter referred to as the "court"), the International Court of Justice, according to annex seven of the Convention on the composition of the court of arbitration, and according to the special arbitral tribunal composed of annex eight parties. Enjoy the < > 287th written statement on the way more freedom to choose one or more methods of rights, a written statement will be stored in the Secretariat of the United Nations.
The International Tribunal for the law of the sea is under the "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" (hereinafter referred to as "the Convention") and the establishment of the independent judiciary, to judge which caused by the interpretation or application of the Convention. The court dispute < > is headquartered in Hamburg. The court jurisdiction includes according to the Convention and the agreement for the implementation of < > > and submit to the law all disputes tribunal, and has specific provisions in any other agreement to give the court jurisdiction in all matters.
The United Nations Tribunal for the law of the sea has been established since 1996, there have been 23 cases registered. And this paper mainly related to cases of International Tribunal for the law of the sea as the starting point, combined with other registered cases of International Tribunal for the law of the sea to the provisional measures, the judge's interpretation, opinions, preliminary inquiry under the jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea in the power system. The main content is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea of jurisdiction, mainly from the characteristics, function, necessity and related issues such as analysis, grasp the preliminary jurisdiction from the macro, and laid the foundation for the following detailed analysis of interim measures. The second part is starting, identification the standard from the initial jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the law of the sea right from the main body, dispute matters and identify the conditions described in these three aspects. The third part of the preliminary court jurisdiction problem. The program Finally, we discuss the Enlightenment of the preliminary jurisdiction of the court to China and the precautions in the process of practice, so as to help solve our increasingly complicated maritime disputes and better safeguard our legitimate maritime rights and interests.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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