本文關鍵詞： 食品貿易 SPS協(xié)議 TBT協(xié)議 技術壁壘　出處：《湘潭大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：WTO框架下與食品貿易密切相關的協(xié)定主要是《衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施協(xié)議》(SPS協(xié)議)、《貿易技術壁壘協(xié)議》(TBT協(xié)議)這兩項協(xié)議。就食品而言,技術性貿易措施包括食品安全無直接聯(lián)系的標簽要求、營養(yǎng)聲明、以及質量和包裝規(guī)定等,當涉及技術規(guī)章標準時,《貿易技術壁壘協(xié)議》優(yōu)先適用;與食品有關的衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施包括所有有關的法律、法令、要求以及程序,特別是最終產品標準,加工生產方法,檢驗、監(jiān)督、出證和審批程序,有關統(tǒng)計學方法、采樣方法和風險評估方法的規(guī)定,以及與食品安全直接相關的包裝和標識要求,當涉及衛(wèi)生和動植物檢疫措施時,《衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施協(xié)議》優(yōu)先適用。這兩個協(xié)定對世界食品貿易有著深遠的影響,是世貿組織為改善全球貿易所進行的一次卓有成效的努力,這些規(guī)則給世界貿易帶來了更大的透明度和更具秩序化的貿易環(huán)境。這兩個以消除貿易壁壘為目的的協(xié)議,通過建立食品國際標準體系和保持食品安全相關法律法規(guī)、措施的透明度等措施,共同確立了一個符合WTO規(guī)則的食品安全體制。 《貿易技術壁壘協(xié)議》關于食品貿易的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在技術法規(guī)、合格評定程序以及技術標準三個方面,來規(guī)范成員在采取食品貿易政策時的行為,不至于對國際貿易造成障礙。為了消除食品貿易中的技術壁壘,協(xié)議采取了多種措施,包括保持法律法規(guī)的透明度、保護發(fā)展中國家在食品貿易中的利益、建立各國食品認證互認制度等。而在《衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施協(xié)議》中主要是從食品衛(wèi)生檢驗檢疫和對食品安全進行風險評估等方面對成員間食品貿易加以規(guī)范。作為WTO重要成員國,我們必須在充分了解研究WTO對食品貿易的相關規(guī)則的前提下,結合我國具體國情和現(xiàn)實,對我國現(xiàn)今的食品貿易法律體系存在的問題予以研究和解決,不斷完善我國的食品法律法規(guī)、食品技術標準以及食品貿易監(jiān)管體系。
[Abstract]:The agreements closely related to food trade under the framework of WTO are mainly the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) and the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade (TBT). Technical trade measures include labelling requirements that are not directly linked to food safety, nutritional statements, and quality and packaging requirements, with the TBT agreement being applied first when it comes to technical regulatory standards; Food related sanitary and phytosanitary measures include all relevant laws, decrees, requirements and procedures, in particular final product standards, processing methods, inspection, supervision, certification and approval procedures, relevant statistical methods, Provisions for sampling and risk assessment methods, as well as packaging and labelling requirements directly related to food safety, When it comes to sanitary and phytosanitary measures, the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures is given priority. These agreements have far-reaching implications for world food trade, Is a fruitful effort by the WTO to improve global trade, rules that have led to greater transparency and a more orderly trading environment for world trade. The two agreements aimed at eliminating trade barriers, Through the establishment of international food standard system, the maintenance of food safety laws and regulations, the transparency of measures and other measures to establish a food safety system in line with the WTO rules. The provisions on food trade in the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade are mainly embodied in three aspects: technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures and technical standards, to regulate the behavior of members in adopting food trade policies. Not to create obstacles to international trade. In order to eliminate technical barriers in the food trade, the agreement adopted a number of measures, including transparency of laws and regulations, and protection of the interests of developing countries in the food trade, The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures mainly regulates food trade among members in terms of food hygiene inspection and quarantine and risk assessment of food safety. As an important member of the WTO, On the premise of fully understanding the relevant rules of WTO on food trade, we must study and solve the problems existing in the current food trade legal system of our country according to the specific situation and reality of our country. Improve our food laws and regulations, food technical standards and food trade regulatory system.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1

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