本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國家管轄豁免 商業(yè)交易 侵權(quán)行為 自愿接受管轄 仲裁協(xié)議　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國家管轄豁免是國家主權(quán)豁免的一個方面,是指一個國家的行為及其財產(chǎn)免受外國法院的司法管轄。國家豁免問題會影響國家與私人利益的平衡,影響國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,影響國家之間的關(guān)系,必須妥善處理。目前,許多國家紛紛頒布專門法律,為本國法院行使管轄權(quán)提供指導(dǎo)和依據(jù);聯(lián)合國也通過了一項專門的公約,以便減少各國之間的分歧,統(tǒng)一國家實踐。為了應(yīng)對公約的生效,保護國家、私人的利益,我國必須制訂一部專門法律。本文在分析管轄豁免一般理論問題的基礎(chǔ)上,研究英美、歐洲大陸國家的立法與實踐以及聯(lián)合國公約的規(guī)定,并結(jié)合我國以往的態(tài)度和現(xiàn)今的國情提出我國立法應(yīng)采取的立場。 文章第一部分闡述了國家管轄豁免的概念以及限制豁免與絕對豁免兩種理論的含義及產(chǎn)生原因,并重點對限制豁免理論的支持與反對意見進行分析,提出限制豁免理論將成為國際發(fā)展趨勢,并且符合發(fā)展中國家的利益;而后又討論了限制豁免所采取的模式,為我國立法提供參考。 第二部分挑選商業(yè)交易、侵權(quán)行為、自愿接受管轄三個復(fù)雜而重要的非管轄豁免事項作為研究對象,詳細介紹了美國、英國法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定,并列舉一些案例加以解釋和證明;在一些重要問題上還簡單介紹了歐洲大陸國家的做法,與美英國家的做法進行對比并做出評論;另外,在上述非管轄豁免事項上都討論了幾個與之有關(guān)的現(xiàn)實問題。 第三部分與第二部分的體例基本相同,就商業(yè)交易、侵權(quán)行為、自愿接受管轄和仲裁協(xié)議四個問題,探討了公約的規(guī)定并分析其合理性,以便我國立法符合公約的要求并力求更加完善。 第四部分是本文的重點。首先介紹了我國以往在國家豁免問題上的實踐,包括理論界的態(tài)度、司法實踐、外交實踐與零散的立法規(guī)定,指出我國曾堅持絕對豁免理論,但已有向限制豁免轉(zhuǎn)變的趨勢。而后分析了我國通過制訂一部專門法律徹底轉(zhuǎn)變立場,從而執(zhí)行公約規(guī)定、保護私人利益的必要性。最后,根據(jù)前文的對比分析、評論提出我國在立法時應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的立場,尤其是在商業(yè)交易、侵權(quán)行為、自愿接受管轄和仲裁協(xié)議等非管轄豁免事項上的具體規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:Under the jurisdiction of the state immunity is one aspect of the sovereign immunity, refers to the behavior and property of a country from foreign court jurisdiction. State immunity will affect the state and private interests balance, influence the development of international trade, the relationship between countries, must be handled properly. At present, many countries have issued special the law, for the national court to exercise the jurisdiction to provide guidance and basis; the United Nations passed a special convention, in order to reduce the difference between countries, the practice of national unity. In order to deal with the force, convention to protect the country, private interests, our country must formulate a special law. Based on the general theory of jurisdiction immunity analysis, research and practice of legislation of Anglo American, European countries and the United Nations Convention, combined with our previous and present situation of attitude in our country The position of law should be taken.
The first part describes the concept of jurisdictional immunity and restrictive immunity and absolute immunity theory of two kinds of meanings and reasons, and focus on the analysis of support and opposition to restrictive immunity theory, put forward the restrictive immunity theory will become the trend of international development, and the interests of developing countries; and then discusses the restrictive immunity model, provide a reference for our legislation.
The second part selection of commercial transactions, tort, voluntarily accept the jurisdiction of three complex and important non jurisdictional immunity matters as the research object, introduces the United States, the relevant provisions of English law, and lists some examples to explain and justify; on some important issues are also introduced briefly in continental Europe, compared with the country and comment; in addition, the non Jurisdictional Immunities of matters discussed several practical problems related to it.
The third part is basically the same as the second part. Four questions about business transactions, torts, voluntary acceptance of jurisdiction and arbitration agreement are discussed. The provisions of the Convention are discussed and their rationality is analyzed, so that our legislation can meet the requirements of the Convention and strive for perfection.
The fourth part is the focus of this paper. First introduced in China in the past practice of state immunity issue, including the theory of attitude, judicial practice, diplomatic practice and scattered legislation, pointed out that China had insisted on absolute immunity theory, but had to change the restrictive immunity trend. Then analyzed our country through the development of a specific act to change position, so as to implement the provisions of the Convention, the necessity of protecting private interests. Finally, according to above analysis comparison, commentary suggests China should take the legislative position, especially in commercial transactions, tort, voluntarily accept the specific provisions of the agreement jurisdiction and arbitration and other non jurisdictional immunities items..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D992

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