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區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織實(shí)施配額制度的法律問(wèn)題研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-02-07 17:03

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 漁業(yè)配額制度 區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織 內(nèi)涵 構(gòu)成要件 對(duì)策建議 出處:《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:過(guò)度捕撈、環(huán)境污染使得漁業(yè)資源嚴(yán)重衰退。傳統(tǒng)管理手段面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)難題顯得束手無(wú)策。在這一背景中,漁業(yè)配額制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。配額制度是以漁業(yè)資源的最大可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)量為依據(jù)、限制捕撈量的產(chǎn)出管理模式,現(xiàn)已成為國(guó)際共識(shí),在國(guó)際法層面取得了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,其中區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織的協(xié)議和資源養(yǎng)護(hù)公約成為國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)落實(shí)配額制度的核心法律文件。為了化解矛盾,養(yǎng)護(hù)資源,區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織迅猛發(fā)展。但事物的前進(jìn)發(fā)展都不是一帆風(fēng)順的。區(qū)域組織運(yùn)行配額制度也有諸多問(wèn)題。本文圍繞上述內(nèi)容層層遞進(jìn)剖析,通過(guò)詳述區(qū)域組織配額制度,分析其中的必要性和可行性,進(jìn)而指出問(wèn)題并提出對(duì)策。 文章共分五章。 第一章論述了配額制度的發(fā)生背景。過(guò)度捕撈導(dǎo)致漁業(yè)資源嚴(yán)重衰退。與此同時(shí),環(huán)境污染也加劇了資源危機(jī)。已有的傳統(tǒng)管理手段束手無(wú)策。人類開始轉(zhuǎn)向新型管理思路,更多的努力和思考直指漁獲量。于是配額制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 第二章系統(tǒng)論述了配額制度的內(nèi)涵和法律特征。配額制度是以漁業(yè)資源的最大可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)量為依據(jù),限制其捕撈量的產(chǎn)出式管理模式,現(xiàn)已成為國(guó)際共識(shí),在國(guó)際法層面取得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。以時(shí)間和內(nèi)容為依據(jù),其發(fā)展可以分為三個(gè)階段,即《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》、全球性國(guó)際條約的制定和區(qū)域組織法律文件廣泛頒布。 第三章以區(qū)域組織為視角實(shí)證分析配額制度的構(gòu)成要件。配額制度共分為四個(gè)部分。即確定總可捕量、分配配額、配額交易和配額監(jiān)管。其中,總可捕量的確定是基礎(chǔ),配額分配是重點(diǎn),配額交易和監(jiān)管是保障。 第四章深入分析區(qū)域組織運(yùn)行配額制度的必要性和可行性。首先,國(guó)際合作是漁業(yè)管理的必由之路。但全球性公約過(guò)于原則和抽象。眾所周知,漁業(yè)資源區(qū)域特色鮮明,內(nèi)生性的要求區(qū)域組織統(tǒng)籌實(shí)施本區(qū)域的資源管理,通過(guò)具體問(wèn)題具體解決提高制度的可行性和制度效率。第二,區(qū)域組織的初衷是養(yǎng)護(hù)漁業(yè)資源,其職能可以承載配額制度運(yùn)行。第三,過(guò)往的合作實(shí)踐為區(qū)域組織運(yùn)行該項(xiàng)制度積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。上述因素為配額制度在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行奠定了扎實(shí)的理論和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。 第五章分析區(qū)域組織運(yùn)行配額制度過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題并提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策。問(wèn)題一系總可捕量的評(píng)估偏離實(shí)際。對(duì)此,需要綜合把握系統(tǒng)性、信息性、預(yù)測(cè)性和可行性原則確定合理的總可捕量。問(wèn)題二系成員國(guó)對(duì)配額分配存在異議。對(duì)此,需嚴(yán)格遵循以義務(wù)履行稱量權(quán)利獲取的原則、準(zhǔn)確理解共同但有區(qū)別的養(yǎng)護(hù)責(zé)任、優(yōu)化爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制來(lái)最終解決配額的分配。問(wèn)題三系監(jiān)管存在漏洞。對(duì)此,需要完善相關(guān)立法,加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作,綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿和行政手段打擊非法捕撈?傊瑔(wèn)題解決的核心指導(dǎo)思想是尊重客觀規(guī)律,秉持公正合理的管理理念,,具體問(wèn)題具體分析,綜合運(yùn)用法律、行政等手段解決機(jī)制運(yùn)行的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the contradiction and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . In order to resolve conflicts and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . However , there are many problems in the development of regional organizations . In order to solve the contradiction and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . The article is divided into five chapters . Chapter One discusses the background of quota system . Overfishing results in a severe recession of fishery resources . At the same time , environmental pollution has intensified the resource crisis . The existing traditional management methods have been helpless . Human beings have begun to turn to new management ideas , more effort and thinking about the catch . In chapter 2 , the connotation and legal characteristics of quota system are discussed . The quota system is based on the maximum sustainable production of fishery resources , and it has become an international consensus . It has been developed in international law . Its development can be divided into three stages , namely , the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , the development of global international treaties and the extensive promulgation of regional organization law documents . Chapter 3 shows the constitutive elements of quota system based on regional organization . The quota system is divided into four parts . The quota system is divided into four parts . Chapter four analyzes the necessity and feasibility of regional organization ' s operation quota system . First , international cooperation is the only way for fishery management . But global conventions are too principled and abstract . The fifth chapter analyzes the problems existing in the process of quota system of regional organizations and puts forward corresponding countermeasures .

【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:D993.5;F326.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 白洋;漁業(yè)配額法律制度研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2011年



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