本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文化財(cái)產(chǎn) 國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議 法律沖突　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：文化財(cái)產(chǎn)是一種特殊的人類(lèi)財(cái)產(chǎn),它是指在人類(lèi)文明進(jìn)程中經(jīng)人類(lèi)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造及世代相傳并遺留于后世的具有歷史性、學(xué)術(shù)性、科學(xué)性及藝術(shù)性等價(jià)值的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。其中,文化價(jià)值是文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的特殊屬性,它在深層次上賦予文化財(cái)產(chǎn)承擔(dān)著一個(gè)國(guó)家、民族的部分情感象征職能,象征著一個(gè)國(guó)家、民族的成就、價(jià)值和信仰。因此,在現(xiàn)實(shí)中追索文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族有著十分重要的意義。 然而由于侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、野蠻盜掘、走私猖狂等原因,中國(guó)和世界上其他文化資源大國(guó)的文化財(cái)產(chǎn)屢遭劫難,不計(jì)其數(shù)的瑰寶大量流失境外。追索文化財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)非常迫切,意義十分重大,但由于各地域間、各法系間的法律規(guī)制方式不盡相同,再加上跨境追索文化財(cái)產(chǎn)本身所具有的特殊性和復(fù)雜性,實(shí)踐中必然會(huì)不可避免地遇到方方面面的法律沖突,而妥善應(yīng)對(duì)并解決這些法律沖突是成功追回非法流轉(zhuǎn)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)的前提條件。因此,研究如何妥善地在這些法律沖突中做出正確的選擇從而在文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。本文對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中現(xiàn)存的主要法律沖突進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)相關(guān)的國(guó)際立法和一些國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)則進(jìn)行了分析,最后結(jié)合中國(guó)在文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中的現(xiàn)實(shí)處境提出了一些法律選擇建議。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,包括以下三部分內(nèi)容： 第一部分對(duì)法律沖突在文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議解決中的主要表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了分析研究。首先,對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議在沖突法上的沖突進(jìn)行了分析,其中,對(duì)物之所在地法、最密切聯(lián)系原則、來(lái)源國(guó)法適用于文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中的利弊因素進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)。其次,以比較法的視角對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中所有權(quán)保護(hù)的不同規(guī)定從大陸法系和英美法系兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了比較分析。最后,對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中兩大法系對(duì)時(shí)效沖突的不同處理方法做了比較分析。 第二部分對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議法律沖突解決的現(xiàn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行了分析研究。首先,對(duì)國(guó)際立法即1970年UNESCO公約和1995年UNIDROIT公約的有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的研究。其次,對(duì)文化財(cái)產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)國(guó)和文化財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)源國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)立法進(jìn)行了分析研究,其中,文化財(cái)產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)國(guó)選擇以美國(guó)的相關(guān)立法為研究對(duì)象,文化財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)源國(guó)選擇以意大利的相關(guān)立法為研究對(duì)象。 第三部分對(duì)中國(guó)在文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議法律沖突中的現(xiàn)實(shí)選擇進(jìn)行了分析研究。首先,分析了中國(guó)流失文化財(cái)產(chǎn)處境的艱難性與復(fù)雜性以及中國(guó)追索流失文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的重大意義。其次,對(duì)中國(guó)在文化財(cái)產(chǎn)國(guó)際爭(zhēng)議中的法律適用、所有權(quán)保護(hù)、時(shí)效上的法律沖突進(jìn)行了選擇分析,并提出了一些自己的建議。
[Abstract]:Cultural property is a special kind of human property. It refers to the historical and academic nature created by human society and passed down from generation to generation and left behind in the process of human civilization. The cultural value is the special attribute of the cultural property, which deeply endows the cultural property with part of the emotional symbolic function of a country and a nation. It symbolizes the achievements, values and beliefs of a nation. Therefore, it is very important for a country and a nation to pursue the ownership of cultural property in reality. However, due to the war of aggression, barbaric theft, rampant smuggling and other reasons, China and other major cultural resources in the world cultural property repeatedly suffered disaster. Countless treasures have been lost abroad. It is very urgent to pursue the ownership of cultural property. However, due to the different regions, the legal regulations are different among different legal systems. Coupled with the particularity and complexity of the cross-border recourse of cultural property, it is inevitable to encounter legal conflicts in all aspects in practice. And properly dealing with and resolving these conflicts of laws is a prerequisite for the successful recovery of ownership of illegally transferred cultural property. It is urgent to study how to make the right choice in these conflicts of laws so as to be in the dominant position in the international dispute of cultural property. This paper has carried on the main conflict of laws in the international dispute of cultural property. Analysis. It also analyzes the relevant international legislation and the domestic laws and rules of some countries, and finally puts forward some suggestions on the choice of laws in the light of the current situation of China in the international dispute over cultural property. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes the following three parts: The first part analyzes the main manifestations of conflict of laws in the international dispute settlement of cultural property. Firstly, it analyzes the conflict of conflict law in the international dispute of cultural property. The author analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the law of location of things, the principle of closest connection, and the law of source country in international disputes over cultural property. Secondly. From the perspective of comparative law, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the different provisions of the protection of ownership in international disputes of cultural property from the two aspects of the civil law system and the common law system. Finally. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the different methods of dealing with the conflict of limitation between the two legal systems in the international dispute over cultural property. The second part of the cultural property international dispute conflict of law settlement mechanism of the analysis and study. First of all. The international legislation, that is, the UNESCO Convention of 1970 and the relevant provisions of the UNIDROIT Convention of 1995, are studied in detail. Secondly. This paper analyzes the domestic legislation of the countries of cultural property market and the countries of origin of cultural property. Among them, the countries of the market of cultural property choose the relevant legislation of the United States as the object of study. The country of origin of cultural property chooses Italy's relevant legislation as the research object. The third part analyzes the realistic choice of China in the international conflict of laws on cultural property. First of all. This paper analyzes the difficulty and complexity of the situation of cultural property loss in China and the great significance of China's recourse to the loss of cultural property. Secondly, the application of the law and the protection of ownership in the international dispute over cultural property in China are discussed. The conflict of laws on statute of limitations is analyzed and some suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997

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