本文關(guān)鍵詞： 外層空間 利用 法律 外層空間法　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)末期,納粹德國研制成功了V-2導(dǎo)彈,這可以視為人類宇航工業(yè)的發(fā)端。“二戰(zhàn)”后,人類宇航工業(yè)得到了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展,1957年前蘇聯(lián)將世界上首顆人造地球衛(wèi)星送上了太空,1969年7月美國宇航局“阿波羅11”號(hào)成功將宇航員送上了月球,“阿爾法”國際空間站經(jīng)過數(shù)年建設(shè)已具相當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)模。等等。 伴隨著世界各國宇航事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,外層空間的利用日益受到國際社會(huì)的關(guān)注,將外層空間的利用法律化現(xiàn)已成為這一領(lǐng)域的主要趨勢。為了規(guī)范各國發(fā)射宇航器及利用外層空間的行為,在聯(lián)合國主導(dǎo)下,先后制定了一些外層空間的法律制度：(1)1966年《關(guān)于各國探索和利用外層空間包括月球和其他天體的活動(dòng)的原則條約》(簡稱《外層空間條約》)；(2)1968年《營救宇航員、送回宇航員和歸還發(fā)射到外層空間的物體的協(xié)定》(簡稱《營救協(xié)定》)；(3)1972年《空間物體造成損害的賠償責(zé)任公約》(簡稱《責(zé)任公約》)；(4)1975年《關(guān)于登記射入外層空間物體的公約》(簡稱《登記公約》);(5)《指導(dǎo)各國在月球上和其他天體上活動(dòng)的協(xié)定》(簡稱《月球協(xié)定》)。這些條約或協(xié)定對(duì)人類宇航的事實(shí)、人類在外層空間的活動(dòng)、各國對(duì)外層空間利用將承擔(dān)的國際法責(zé)任作了一個(gè)概況的說明,在一定意義上對(duì)全人類的宇航實(shí)業(yè)起到了較好的規(guī)范作用。但是,隨著科技的進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,其中很多規(guī)定已不合時(shí)宜。從國際法的角度,外層空間是全人類的共同財(cái)產(chǎn),人類應(yīng)在公平狀態(tài)下、在各國綜合實(shí)力的均衡上合理地利用外層空間,以期對(duì)各國經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技及社會(huì)的發(fā)展發(fā)揮積極作用。但是,現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況是,目前的外層空間條約中德規(guī)定過于抽象化,很多內(nèi)容只是一些原則性的規(guī)定,其執(zhí)行力較弱：各國對(duì)外層空間利用的主張不一,阻礙了原本就脆弱的國際外層空間法；各國科技力量懸殊,外層空間幾乎成為了科技強(qiáng)國和經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國的“私有財(cái)產(chǎn)”。外層空間不屬于任何一個(gè)國家所有,人類的外空活動(dòng)具有全球性質(zhì),本著維護(hù)各國和兼顧發(fā)展中國家的利益,本文旨在通過國際對(duì)話、國家合作、完善充實(shí)現(xiàn)有的外空條約、制定新的統(tǒng)一外空法、加強(qiáng)外空活動(dòng)管理機(jī)構(gòu)的職能,期待對(duì)利用外層空間的行為進(jìn)行有效規(guī)制提供有意義的建議和措施。 在以上論述和分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)我國外空立法提出合理化意見和建議。
[Abstract]:At the end of the second World War, Nazi Germany successfully developed the V-2 missile, which can be regarded as the beginning of the human space industry. After World War II, the human space industry developed by leaps and bounds. In 1957, the Soviet Union sent the world's first man-made earth satellite into space, and in July 1969 NASA's Apollo 11 successfully landed astronauts on the moon. The Alpha International Space Station has been built on a considerable scale over the years. With the vigorous development of spaceflight all over the world, the use of outer space has been paid more and more attention by the international community. The legalization of the use of outer space has now become a major trend in this field... in order to regulate the conduct of States in the launching of space vehicles and the use of outer space, under the auspices of the United Nations. The Treaty on principles governing the activities of States in the Exploration and use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial bodies, of 1966; Agreement on the Rescue of astronauts, the return of astronauts and the return of objects launched into Outer Space, of 1968 (for short, the Rescue Agreement); 1972 Convention on liability for damage caused by Space objects (abbreviated as the liability Convention); Convention on Registration of objects launched into Outer Space of 1975 (abbreviated to the Registration Convention); Agreement governing the activities of States on the Moon and other Celestial bodies (referred to as the Moon Agreement). These treaties or agreements are relevant to the fact of human space navigation and the activities of mankind in outer space. States have provided an overview of their responsibilities under international law for the use of outer space, which, in a sense, has played a better normative role in aerospace industry for all mankind. However, with the progress of science and technology. Economic development, many of which were anachronistic, was not appropriate. From the point of view of international law, outer space was the common heritage of all mankind, and humanity should be in a state of equity. The rational use of outer space in the balance of the overall strength of States with a view to playing a positive role in the economic, scientific and social development of States... however, the reality is that. The German provisions of the current outer space treaties were too abstract and many of them were only principled provisions whose implementation was weak: States had different views on the use of outer space. Hinders the already fragile nature of international outer space law; As a result, outer space has become the "private property" of scientific and technological powers and economic powers. Outer space is not owned by any one country, and the outer space activities of mankind are of a global nature. With the aim of safeguarding the interests of all countries and taking into account the interests of developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to improve and enrich the existing outer space treaties through international dialogue and national cooperation, to formulate a new unified outer space law and to strengthen the functions of outer space activities management bodies. It is expected that effective regulation of the use of outer space will provide meaningful advice and measures. On the basis of the above discussion and analysis, the paper puts forward some reasonable opinions and suggestions on our country's outer space legislation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D999.1

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