后京都時(shí)代國際氣候融資制度研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 國際氣候 《哥本哈根協(xié)定》 融資制度 資金來源 資金分配 出處:《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:國際氣候融資是在哥本哈根氣候大會(huì)上提出的概念,是世界各國在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的過程中,由發(fā)達(dá)國家向發(fā)展中國家提供資金支持,以幫助發(fā)展中國家開展應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的減緩和適應(yīng)活動(dòng)。國際氣候融資制度是對(duì)氣候融資機(jī)制和在融資過程中產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行規(guī)制的制度。目前,國際社會(huì)亟需簽訂具有普遍約束力的國際條約,各締約國需要將條約盡快轉(zhuǎn)化為國內(nèi)法,以保證氣候融資制度的有效實(shí)施。 除引言和結(jié)語外,本文主文由五個(gè)部分組成: 第一部分國際氣候融資制度概論,探討了國際氣候融資制度的演進(jìn)、淵源和兩大陣營的博弈焦點(diǎn),在嘗試性探討氣候融資定義的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)分析了《聯(lián)合國氣候框架公約》(以下簡稱《氣候公約》)等國際條約和其框架內(nèi)有關(guān)資金的制度,闡釋了發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家之間資金機(jī)制的博弈焦點(diǎn)即資金來源與資金管理。 第二部分氣候融資資金來源制度,深入研討了《氣候公約》框架下的資金來源制度,并結(jié)合發(fā)達(dá)國家的歷史責(zé)任和發(fā)展中國家的資金需求,指出資金來源可以分為兩個(gè)部分,即發(fā)達(dá)國家政府提供的公共性質(zhì)的資金和發(fā)達(dá)國家通過市場(chǎng)手段提供給發(fā)展中國家的資金。 第三部分氣候融資資金分配制度,深入研究了資金分配制度,并提出:資金分配制度應(yīng)主要考慮項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先順序和額度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩個(gè)方面,應(yīng)在資金分配中平衡效率和公平的關(guān)系,適應(yīng)活動(dòng)比減緩活動(dòng)更具有獲取資金的優(yōu)先性。 第四部分氣候融資制度的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),系統(tǒng)研究了《哥本哈根協(xié)定》和《坎昆協(xié)定》中建立融資制度的條款和一些國家、國際組織建立氣候融資制度的意見(如以“77國集團(tuán)+中國”為代表的發(fā)展中國家提出的提案和以美國為代表的發(fā)達(dá)國家提出的議案),提出了國際氣候融資制度的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),即建立新的氣候基金并擴(kuò)展資金來源渠道。 第五部分中國應(yīng)對(duì)國際氣候融資制度的策略,研究了我國應(yīng)對(duì)國際氣候融資制度的現(xiàn)狀和存在的缺陷,提出我國應(yīng)從國際和國內(nèi)兩個(gè)層面予以應(yīng)對(duì)。在國際層面上,中國在國際談判中應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)不同利益陣營的關(guān)系,把公共資金和市場(chǎng)資金放在同等重要位置。在國內(nèi)層面,中國應(yīng)制訂氣候融資單行法,,制訂完備的節(jié)能減排財(cái)稅政策,改革資金管理制度以保證項(xiàng)目實(shí)施和資金使用的效率。
[Abstract]:International climate finance is a concept at the Copenhagen climate conference, is the world in the process of dealing with climate change, from developed countries to developing countries to provide financial support, to help developing countries adapt to climate change mitigation and climate. The international financing system is the regulation of climate financing mechanisms and related issues in the process of financing in the system. At present, the international community need to sign international treaties universally binding, the need for the parties to the treaty into domestic law as soon as possible, to ensure the effective implementation of climate finance system.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text consists of five parts:
The first part of the international climate finance institution, discusses the evolution of the international climate finance institution, the game focus origin and the two camps, trying to explore the climate based on the definition of financing, system of the "United Nations Framework Convention on climate" (hereinafter referred to as the "climate convention") system associated with the fund and other international treaties and the within the framework of the game focus explains between developed and developing countries that the funding mechanism of funding sources and money management.
The second part of climate finance funding system, in-depth discussion of the "climate convention" under the framework of the funding system, combined with the developed countries the historical responsibility and the financial needs of developing countries, pointed out that the source of funds can be divided into two parts, namely the public nature of the funds provided by the government of developed countries and developed countries to developing countries through funds market means.
The third part of climate finance capital allocation system, in-depth study of capital allocation system, and put forward: capital allocation system should consider two main aspects of the project priority and the amount of the standard, should balance the relationship between efficiency and fairness in the allocation of funds, to adapt to the priority of the activities have more access to funds than mitigation activities.
The fourth part development trend of climate finance institution, system of the establishment of financing system of Copenhagen agreement > > and < > in the terms of the Cancun agreement and the views of some countries, international organizations establish climate financing system (such as the "group of 77 + Chinese" as the representative of the developing countries and put forward proposals to the United States as the representative of the developed countries the bill), put forward the development trend of the international climate finance institution, namely the establishment of a new climate fund and expand financing channels.
The fifth part Chinese international climate financing system strategy, defects of status quo of China's international climate financing system and existence, put forward our country from the international and domestic two levels to deal with. At the international level, should not China coordination relationship with interest camp in international negotiations, the use of public funds and the market money put in the same important position. At the national level, China shall formulate the law of climate finance policy, energy saving and emission reduction tax complete, reform financial management system to ensure the efficient use of funds and project implementation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:D996.9
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