本文關(guān)鍵詞： IUU捕撈 港口國(guó)措施 有效性 漁業(yè)管理　出處：《上海海洋大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

【摘要】：IUU捕撈嚴(yán)重阻礙了有效的漁業(yè)資源管理和養(yǎng)護(hù)。治理IUU捕撈需在諸多環(huán)節(jié)付出努力,其中港口國(guó)措施通過(guò)消除或減少I(mǎi)UU漁獲物的上岸機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)治理IUU捕撈,2016年生效的《港口國(guó)措施協(xié)定》為各國(guó)采取港口國(guó)措施提供了國(guó)際法依據(jù)。本文分析了《港口國(guó)措施協(xié)定》的主要內(nèi)容以及有關(guān)國(guó)家和區(qū)域漁業(yè)管理組織已采取的相關(guān)措施。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了港口國(guó)措施的有效性及其局限性,其有效性主要是可以減少I(mǎi)UU捕撈活動(dòng)的發(fā)生,提高發(fā)現(xiàn)IUU捕撈的可能性,彌補(bǔ)船旗國(guó)管轄的不足;局限性主要是很多國(guó)家的執(zhí)行能力不足將導(dǎo)致短期內(nèi)港口國(guó)措施難以有效實(shí)施,而且協(xié)定并未對(duì)漁獲物可追溯信息做出規(guī)定,致使在港口確認(rèn)IUU捕撈行為面臨困難。對(duì)我國(guó)而言,港口國(guó)措施可降低懸掛我國(guó)旗幟的船舶從事或支持IUU捕撈的可能性,加入?yún)f(xié)定可促進(jìn)健全我國(guó)捕撈監(jiān)督管理體系;但我國(guó)采取港口國(guó)措施將面臨港口監(jiān)管體系、漁業(yè)監(jiān)督體系的全面改革的挑戰(zhàn),以及港口國(guó)措施的能力建設(shè)的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:IUU fishing seriously hinders the effective management and conservation of fishery resources. Port State measures control IUU fishing by eliminating or reducing landing opportunities for IUU catches. The Agreement on Port State measures, which entered into force on 2016, provides a basis for international law for the adoption of port State measures by States. The main contents of the Agreement on Port State measures and the relevant States and regional fisheries management organizations are analyzed in this paper. Relevant measures taken. On this basis. This paper analyzes the effectiveness and limitation of port state measures, which can reduce the occurrence of IUU fishing activities, improve the possibility of discovering IUU fishing, and make up for the deficiency of flag state jurisdiction. The main limitations are that inadequate enforcement capacity in many countries will make it difficult to effectively implement port State measures in the short term and that the Agreement does not provide for traceability of catch information. As a result, it is difficult to confirm IUU fishing in ports. For our country, port state measures can reduce the possibility of vessels flying the flag of our country to engage in or support IUU fishing. Accession to the Agreement can promote the improvement of China's fishing supervision and management system; However, China will face the challenges of the comprehensive reform of the port supervision system, the fishery supervision system and the capacity building of the port state measures.
【作者單位】： 上海海洋大學(xué)海洋文化與法律學(xué)院;
【基金】：農(nóng)業(yè)部漁政管理專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(Q244)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D993.5
【正文快照】： IUU捕撈(非法、不報(bào)告和不管制捕撈)加劇過(guò)度捕撈,威脅漁業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,阻礙魚(yú)類(lèi)種群以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù),使得合法作業(yè)的漁民處于不利的地位,已成為漁業(yè)管理的全球性難題。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),IUU捕撈漁獲量達(dá)1 100~2 600萬(wàn)噸[1],占全球總漁獲量的19%,全球重要魚(yú)類(lèi)的總捕撈量的30%來(lái)源于IUU

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