本文關(guān)鍵詞： TRIPS協(xié)議 藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度 公共健康危機(jī)　出處：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，針對(duì)公共健康危機(jī)在全球范圍內(nèi)的頻頻爆發(fā)，如何提高藥品的可及性是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。TRIPS協(xié)議是全世界最具有影響力的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)條約，它所建立的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的藥品專(zhuān)利保護(hù)制度嚴(yán)重影響到發(fā)展中國(guó)家的藥品可及性。為解決該問(wèn)題，發(fā)展中國(guó)家主張適用藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度獲取必需藥品以應(yīng)對(duì)公共健康危機(jī)。專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度是各國(guó)專(zhuān)利制度的主要組成部分，它旨在防范專(zhuān)利壟斷權(quán)的濫用，是保護(hù)公共利益的重要手段之一。TRIPS協(xié)議第31條關(guān)于專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可的規(guī)定由于阻礙了發(fā)展中國(guó)家解決公共健康危機(jī)問(wèn)題，受到社會(huì)各界的強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)。多哈回合談判使得TRIPS協(xié)議下的藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度得到進(jìn)一步完善，為發(fā)展中國(guó)家處理公共健康危機(jī)制造了更多靈活性的條件，，但是，藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度本身及其實(shí)施仍有許多問(wèn)題有待解決。 無(wú)論是從法律實(shí)務(wù)的角度抑或是理論研究的角度來(lái)探討藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度，該制度并不通俗易懂并且極易引起爭(zhēng)論。近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)該制度的研究已有小成，但并不精深。筆者站在前人肩膀上，試圖采用歷史的、比較的、實(shí)踐的方法對(duì)藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度作更為系統(tǒng)的研究。 本文首先依據(jù)TRIPS協(xié)議第31條對(duì)專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度的概念，特征以及類(lèi)別做一簡(jiǎn)要分析，以便深入了解其框架下的藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度；爾后依時(shí)間順序通過(guò)對(duì)《多哈宣言》、“總理事會(huì)決議”、《議定書(shū)》相關(guān)條款以及三個(gè)文件之間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詳細(xì)分析來(lái)深入了解藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度的具體內(nèi)容。在對(duì)整個(gè)藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度進(jìn)行分析后，以發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家針對(duì)藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度的不同立場(chǎng)為視角對(duì)該制度在實(shí)施中的問(wèn)題做深度解析。筆者認(rèn)為，發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)重視藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度，并擅于將該制度作為一種威懾手段以解決公共健康問(wèn)題。其次，全面審視發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度立法與實(shí)踐，總結(jié)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家關(guān)于藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度的共性和發(fā)展中國(guó)家關(guān)于藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度的共性，并對(duì)二者進(jìn)行比較評(píng)析。最后，以我國(guó)公共健康現(xiàn)狀為切入點(diǎn)，回顧了我國(guó)藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度發(fā)展的過(guò)程，并指出我國(guó)現(xiàn)行制度的不足�；谏鲜龇治觯P者為完善我國(guó)現(xiàn)行藥品專(zhuān)利強(qiáng)制許可制度提出了幾點(diǎn)法律建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in view of the frequent outbreak of public health crisis in the global scope, how to improve the accessibility of drugs is the key to solve the problem. Trips Agreement is the most influential intellectual property rights treaty in the world. The establishment of a high standard of drug patent protection system seriously affects the availability of medicines in developing countries. Developing countries advocate the application of compulsory licensing system to obtain essential drugs to cope with the public health crisis. The patent compulsory licensing system is the main component of patent systems in various countries. It aims to prevent the abuse of patent monopoly. Trips is one of the important means to protect the public interest. The provisions of Article 31 of trips Agreement on the compulsory licensing of patents hinder the developing countries from solving the public health crisis. By the strong condemnation of the community. The Doha Round of negotiations made the TRIPS agreement under the drug patent compulsory licensing system to be further improved. It creates more flexibility conditions for developing countries to deal with the public health crisis, but there are still many problems to be solved in the compulsory licensing system and its implementation. Whether from the perspective of legal practice or theoretical research to explore the compulsory licensing system of drug patents. The system is not easy to understand and easy to debate. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have done little to study the system, but not deep. The author stands on the shoulders of the predecessors, trying to adopt historical, comparative. The method of practice makes a more systematic study on the compulsory licensing system of drug patents. This paper firstly makes a brief analysis of the concept, characteristics and categories of the compulsory patent licensing system according to Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, in order to understand the compulsory patent licensing system under its framework. The Doha Declaration, the General Council Resolution, was then adopted in chronological order. Detailed analysis of the relationship between the relevant articles of the Protocol and the three documents to understand the specific content of the drug patent compulsory licensing system. After the analysis of the entire drug patent compulsory licensing system. From the point of view of the different positions of developed countries and developing countries on the compulsory licensing system of drug patents, the author makes a deep analysis of the problems in the implementation of the system. Developing countries should attach importance to the compulsory licensing system of drug patents and be good at using it as a deterrent to solve public health problems. The legislation and practice of compulsory drug patent licensing system in developed and developing countries are reviewed in an all-round way. This paper summarizes the generality of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in developed countries and the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in developing countries, and makes a comparative analysis of the two systems. Finally. Based on the current situation of public health in China, this paper reviews the process of the development of compulsory licensing system for drug patents in China, and points out the deficiencies of the current system in China. In order to improve the current drug patent compulsory licensing system, the author puts forward some legal suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997.1

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