發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-01 20:55

  本文選題：有限責(zé)任公司 + 分紅權(quán)��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：股權(quán)是股東權(quán)利的簡(jiǎn)稱，系股東基于其股東身份和地位在法律上對(duì)公司享有的權(quán)利。從立法上看，《公司法》對(duì)股權(quán)具體內(nèi)容的規(guī)定并不集中，而是散見于各章的有關(guān)條文，主要包括分紅權(quán)、退股權(quán)、知情權(quán)、司法解散請(qǐng)求權(quán)、表決權(quán)、訴訟權(quán)等。股東投資于公司的根本目的在于獲得投資收益，而投資收益則主要通過(guò)分紅，以紅利的形式實(shí)現(xiàn)，不參與公司經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的小股東尤是如此。因此，分紅權(quán)可謂是股東最核心、最本質(zhì)的權(quán)利。分紅權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)性權(quán)利，具有自益權(quán)、固有權(quán)和單獨(dú)股東權(quán)的特征，這些特征無(wú)不表明了分紅權(quán)的重要性。然在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，控制股東往往憑借其表決權(quán)優(yōu)勢(shì)，濫用資本多數(shù)決原則，通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期不分配紅利或僅作象征性紅利分配等方式壓榨或排擠小股東，以實(shí)現(xiàn)其不正當(dāng)目的，侵害了小股東的分紅權(quán)。有權(quán)利必有救濟(jì)，無(wú)救濟(jì)即無(wú)權(quán)利�？刂乒蓶|的這些行為不僅損害了股東的資產(chǎn)收益權(quán)，且嚴(yán)重打擊了潛在投資者的投資熱情，不利于公司制度的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，故法律有必要對(duì)分紅權(quán)進(jìn)行救濟(jì)，對(duì)小股東分紅權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)給予必要保障。當(dāng)前，司法實(shí)踐中有關(guān)分紅權(quán)的糾紛（公司盈余糾紛）主要發(fā)生在有限責(zé)任公司中，且有限責(zé)任公司的小股東與股份有限公司小股東投資于公司的目的并不完全相同，其投資收益的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式亦存在區(qū)別，此外，公司法對(duì)其權(quán)利的規(guī)定也有所差異，，如對(duì)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的限制程度不同、對(duì)有限公司股東的臨時(shí)提案權(quán)未予明確規(guī)定、對(duì)股份有限公司異議股東股份回購(gòu)請(qǐng)求權(quán)的事由中沒有規(guī)定公司長(zhǎng)期不分配利潤(rùn)的情形等。基于以上原因，本文將研究范圍限定在有限責(zé)任公司，以契合司法實(shí)踐所需，更具實(shí)踐意義。 本文從股東分紅權(quán)的基本理論出發(fā)，主要分析分紅權(quán)受侵害的典型形態(tài)及原因，以及我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)有限責(zé)任公司股東分紅權(quán)的保護(hù)方式及其不足，并在借鑒國(guó)外對(duì)分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)之上，主要研究我國(guó)有限責(zé)任公司小股東分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的完善，以期增強(qiáng)對(duì)小股東合法權(quán)益的保護(hù)。本文共分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分是關(guān)于分紅權(quán)的基本理論。首先明確了分紅權(quán)的定義和特征，分紅權(quán)是股東基于其公司股東的資格和地位所享有的請(qǐng)求公司向自己分配紅利的權(quán)利，屬于股東自益權(quán)、固有權(quán)、單獨(dú)股東權(quán)；其次是關(guān)于分紅權(quán)的分類及權(quán)利屬性，以及對(duì)抽象分紅權(quán)與具體分紅權(quán)兩者關(guān)系的進(jìn)一步探索；最后是關(guān)于紅利分配的實(shí)質(zhì)要件與形式要件以及具體的分配形式以及對(duì)保護(hù)小股東分紅權(quán)的必要性的論述。 第二部分分析了分紅權(quán)受侵害的典型形態(tài)及原因。首先分析了抽象分紅權(quán)受侵害的四種典型情形；其次分析了具體的分紅權(quán)受侵害的形態(tài)，即公司不按已經(jīng)決議并宣告的利潤(rùn)分配方案向股東支付紅利；最后是對(duì)小股東分紅權(quán)受侵害原因的探析。 第三部分分析了我國(guó)有限責(zé)任公司股東分紅權(quán)的保護(hù)方式及其不足。首先，保護(hù)方式可概括為被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)兩種方式，其中被動(dòng)的保護(hù)方式包括異議股東股權(quán)回購(gòu)請(qǐng)求權(quán)及股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓，主動(dòng)的保護(hù)方式則包括撤銷或確認(rèn)股東會(huì)決議無(wú)效之訴以及對(duì)控制股東違反誠(chéng)信義務(wù)的追責(zé)。其次，基于司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)抽象分紅權(quán)之訴的兩種不同態(tài)度，分析了抽象的分紅權(quán)所面臨的司法裁判困境，主要包括自治性困境、必要性困境以及實(shí)效性困境。 第四部分是對(duì)股東分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的比較法考察。包括美國(guó)事先的契約安排和事后救濟(jì)措施；英國(guó)不公平損害規(guī)則之下對(duì)少數(shù)股東分紅權(quán)的救濟(jì)、股東協(xié)議以及小股東基于公平合理事由而請(qǐng)求清算公司的救濟(jì)措施；德國(guó)公司法對(duì)股東分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的相關(guān)介紹。 第五部分是我國(guó)有限責(zé)任公司小股東分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的完善。對(duì)抽象分紅權(quán)保護(hù)的完善主要包括六個(gè)方面；對(duì)具體分紅權(quán)的保護(hù)則主要探討了在具體訴訟過(guò)程中，股東可否要求公司承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任，以及因具體分紅權(quán)具有債權(quán)屬性，其是否應(yīng)受訴訟時(shí)效的限制等幾個(gè)問(wèn)題；最后則探討了知情權(quán)之訴、股東會(huì)決議撤銷之訴與分紅之訴的整合，以求分紅權(quán)保護(hù)之實(shí)效性。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the above reasons , it is necessary to control the shareholder ' s right to pay dividends .

Based on the basic theory of the shareholder ' s dividend right , this paper mainly analyzes the typical form and reason of the infringement of the dividend right , and the protection way and the deficiency of the current law of our country on the shareholder ' s dividend right of the limited liability company . On the basis of the advanced legislative experience from abroad for the protection of the dividend right , the paper mainly studies the perfection of the protection of the dividend rights of the small shareholders of our limited liability company , in order to strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the small shareholders .

The first part is about the basic theory of the decentralization right . Firstly , the definition and characteristics of the dividend right are defined . The right to dividend is the right of shareholders to distribute dividends to themselves based on the qualifications and status of their shareholders , which belong to the shareholder ' s self - benefit , inherent right and individual shareholder rights ;
Secondly , it is about the classification and the right attribute of the decentralization right , and the further exploration of the relationship between the right of abstraction and the specific dividend right .
Finally , the paper discusses the essential elements and form factors of dividend distribution , the specific distribution forms and the necessity of protecting minority shareholder ' s dividend rights .

The second part analyzes the typical forms and causes of the infringement of dividend rights . Firstly , four typical cases of the right to abstract dividend are analyzed .
Secondly , the specific dividend rights are analyzed , that is , the company does not pay dividends to shareholders according to the profit distribution scheme which has been resolved and announced ;
Finally , it analyzes the causes of the infringement of the dividend rights of the small shareholders .

The third part analyzes the protection way and the deficiency of the shareholder ' s dividend right in our limited liability company . First , the protection way can be summarized as passive and active mode . The passive protection way includes the right to buy back the shareholder ' s stock right and the transfer of stock right .

The fourth part is a comparative study on the protection of shareholder ' s dividend right , including the prior contractual arrangement and ex post relief measures .
The remedies , shareholder agreements and relief measures for the small shareholders to request the liquidation company based on the fair and reasonable cause under the law of unfair damage in the United Kingdom ;
The introduction of German company law on the protection of shareholder ' s dividend rights .

The fifth part is the improvement of the protection of the dividend right of the small shareholders of our limited liability company .
The protection of specific dividend rights mainly discusses whether the shareholders can ask the company to assume the liability for breach of contract and whether the specific dividend rights have creditor ' s rights attribute , and whether it should be subject to limitation of limitation of limitation of action .
Finally , we discuss the action of the right to know the right to know , and the action of the resolution of the resolution of the shareholders ' meeting and the integration of the lawsuit against the dividend , so as to realize the effectiveness of the protection of the power of the dividend .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91

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