本文選題：刑事職業(yè)禁止 + 犯罪預(yù)防　； 參考：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：關(guān)于行為人因?yàn)槠浞缸镄袨槎鴨适氖履陈殬I(yè)的資格,我國(guó)存在行政性從業(yè)禁止與刑事職業(yè)禁止兩種制度。行政性從業(yè)禁止,在《公司法》、《證券法》、《會(huì)計(jì)法》與《律師法》等法律中均有所涉及。行為人因其曾經(jīng)實(shí)施的犯罪行為,自動(dòng)喪失擔(dān)任某職務(wù)或者從事某職業(yè)的資格,無(wú)需要人民法院作出宣告。刑事職業(yè)禁止,是指《刑法修正案(九)》明確規(guī)定的行為人因利用自己所從事的職業(yè)形成的便利條件實(shí)施犯罪,或者犯罪人實(shí)施違背其職業(yè)的特定義務(wù)被人民法院判處刑罰的,人民法院限制其在特定期限內(nèi)不得從事相關(guān)職業(yè),也是一種制裁犯罪人的預(yù)防性措施。在適用條件、適用程序與禁止期限等方面,行政性從業(yè)禁止與刑事職業(yè)禁止有著重大的區(qū)別。我國(guó)刑事職業(yè)禁止制度的建立,無(wú)疑是我國(guó)刑法的一項(xiàng)重大創(chuàng)新。這對(duì)于預(yù)防犯罪、防衛(wèi)社會(huì)以及更為合理地制裁犯罪人等,有著重大的作用。但是,我國(guó)刑事職業(yè)禁止制度創(chuàng)立時(shí)間不久,其自身有著一定的缺陷。第一,刑事職業(yè)禁止的適用條件并不完全合理。比如,刑事職業(yè)禁止的適用對(duì)象較為狹窄。第二,刑事職業(yè)禁止的適用程序不完善。對(duì)有關(guān)刑事職業(yè)禁止的職權(quán)分配、提起與執(zhí)行程序以及當(dāng)事人的救濟(jì)措施,我國(guó)刑法沒(méi)有作出明確的規(guī)定。第三,我國(guó)刑法沒(méi)有規(guī)定有關(guān)刑事職業(yè)禁止的復(fù)權(quán)機(jī)制。這對(duì)于被職業(yè)禁止的公民是不公正的。第四,對(duì)曾實(shí)施犯罪的公民予以職業(yè)禁止,但是我國(guó)目前尚未構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一的職業(yè)禁止制度。在職業(yè)禁止方面,我國(guó)刑法與其他法律、行政法規(guī)的關(guān)系存在一定爭(zhēng)議,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致刑法規(guī)定的職業(yè)禁止制度被架空或其他的不合理現(xiàn)象。我國(guó)刑法應(yīng)當(dāng)引入保安處分的概念,將刑事職業(yè)禁止作為保安處分對(duì)待。在此前提下,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)修正刑法對(duì)刑事職業(yè)禁止制度作出完善。第一,完善我國(guó)刑法對(duì)刑事職業(yè)禁止的適用條件。比如,更為具體地界定職業(yè)禁止適用的“刑罰要件”,擴(kuò)大該措施的適用對(duì)象。第二,明確規(guī)定我國(guó)刑事職業(yè)禁止的適用程序。應(yīng)當(dāng)具體規(guī)定公安機(jī)關(guān)、人民檢察院、人民法院與執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)的各自權(quán)限,具體規(guī)定刑事職業(yè)禁止的提起、宣告、上訴與執(zhí)行的程序。第三,我國(guó)應(yīng)針對(duì)刑事職業(yè)禁止構(gòu)建復(fù)權(quán)機(jī)制,明確被職業(yè)禁止的公民可提前獲得職業(yè)從業(yè)權(quán)的條件與程序等。第四,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)針對(duì)因犯罪行為而喪失職業(yè)從業(yè)權(quán)的問(wèn)題,構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一的刑事職業(yè)禁止制度,由此徹底解決刑法與其他法律、行政法規(guī)何者優(yōu)先適用的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:With regard to the disqualification of the perpetrator for his criminal behavior, there are two systems in our country: the prohibition of administrative employment and the prohibition of criminal occupation. Administrative practice is prohibited, which is involved in Company Law, Securities Law, Accounting Law and lawyers Law. The perpetrator automatically disqualified himself from holding a certain post or occupation because of the criminal act he has committed, and there is no need for the people's court to make a declaration. The prohibition of criminal occupation means that the perpetrator explicitly stipulated in the Amendment to the Criminal Law (9) commits a crime for taking advantage of the convenient conditions formed by his occupation, or that the offender has been sentenced to punishment by the people's court for carrying out a specific obligation to violate his profession, It is also a preventive measure to punish the offender by restricting the people's court from engaging in the relevant occupation within a specified period of time. In the aspects of applicable conditions, applicable procedure and prohibition period, there are significant differences between administrative practice prohibition and criminal occupation prohibition. The establishment of criminal occupation prohibition system is undoubtedly a major innovation in our criminal law. It plays an important role in preventing crime, defending society and punishing offenders more reasonably. However, the criminal occupation prohibition system in our country is not long since it was founded, and it has its own defects. First, the applicable conditions of criminal occupational prohibition are not completely reasonable. For example, the applicable object of criminal occupation prohibition is narrower. Secondly, the procedure of criminal occupation prohibition is not perfect. There is no clear stipulation on the assignment of powers and powers, the procedure of initiating and executing and the relief measures of the parties concerned in the criminal law. Third, China's criminal law does not provide for the criminal prohibition of the reinstatement mechanism. This is unfair to citizens who are banned from their profession. Fourth, the citizens who have committed crimes are prohibited by occupation, but the unified system of occupational prohibition has not yet been established in our country. In the aspect of occupational prohibition, the relationship between criminal law and other laws and administrative regulations is controversial, which may lead to the occupational prohibition system under criminal law being set up or other unreasonable phenomena. China's criminal law should introduce the concept of security measures and treat criminal occupational prohibition as security measures. Under this premise, our country should amend the criminal law to perfect the criminal occupation prohibition system. First, perfect our country criminal law to the criminal profession prohibition application condition. For example, define more specifically the "penalty elements" of occupational prohibition, and expand the target of application of this measure. Secondly, the application procedure of criminal occupation prohibition in our country is clearly stipulated. The respective powers of the public security organs, the people's procuratorates, the people's courts and the executive organs shall be specified, and the procedures for instituting, declaring, appealing and executing the criminal professional prohibition shall be specified. Thirdly, our country should construct the mechanism of reinstatement in view of the prohibition of criminal occupation, and make clear the conditions and procedures for citizens who are prohibited by the profession to obtain the right of employment in advance. Fourth, China should set up a unified criminal occupation prohibition system to solve the problem of criminal law and other laws and administrative regulations which should be applied first in view of the loss of professional employment right due to criminal acts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D924

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