【摘要】：隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟體制的不斷深入,社會分層的不斷加劇,以經(jīng)濟貧困為特點的弱勢群體逐漸突顯出來,并日益成為影響和諧穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重大問題。因此加強對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的保護是構(gòu)建和諧社會、促進社會發(fā)展的必然要求。而司法制度作為平衡與協(xié)調(diào)階層利益最有效、最可靠的“社會調(diào)整器”,對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的保護,發(fā)揮著獨特而又巨大的作用,通過對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的利益進行適當(dāng)?shù)难a償,幫助他們實現(xiàn)生存和發(fā)展的愿望,賦予他們個人發(fā)展的機會,使其權(quán)益真正得到落實和保障,既是社會公平、法律正義的體現(xiàn),也是社會發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之義。 法律語境中的弱勢群體既包括經(jīng)濟貧困群體,也包括權(quán)利貧困和能力貧困群體。而其中經(jīng)濟貧困是弱勢群體的主要特征,經(jīng)濟是個人從事社會活動的基礎(chǔ),一切社會活動離不開經(jīng)濟的支撐。經(jīng)濟上的強勢使得個人能夠擁有更多的機會參與到社會政治、文化及社交活動中,從而贏得較高社會評價以及更多的發(fā)展機會。相反經(jīng)濟的弱勢帶來在精神資料的享有和政治權(quán)利的獲取方面都處于缺失或貧瘠的狀態(tài)。因此加強對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的保護不僅是其權(quán)利保護的前提和基礎(chǔ),也是維持其生存狀態(tài)的基本要求。 司法保護是經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體權(quán)益保護的最后一道防線,其在維護國家司法公正、促進社會和諧穩(wěn)定上發(fā)揮著重大作用。然而在現(xiàn)實生活中我國對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體司法保護仍存在一些問題,需要進一步加以改進和完善。在立法環(huán)節(jié)中,憲法和法律雖從不同程度對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體進行法律保護,但是由于立法的模糊性、不明確性,使的司法救濟的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)缺乏可操作性。在司法權(quán)運作中,辦案周期長、司法效率低、司法腐敗的現(xiàn)象仍時有發(fā)生,不僅使經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的權(quán)益得不到有效的保護,還使其生活進一步陷入困窘。在法律的實際運作過程中,由于訴訟成本的高額,個別亂收費現(xiàn)象仍在繼續(xù),使得經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的權(quán)益遭受肆意的踐踏時而無法踏進司法保護的門檻,此種情緒的累積下,易導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟上的弱勢群體采取極端的發(fā)泄方式,最終走向犯罪的道路。因此尋求多層次的保護和情感訴求渠道是不僅經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的迫切需求也是公平正義的必然要求。 根據(jù)我國權(quán)力制衡理論得出：沒有監(jiān)督的權(quán)力必然導(dǎo)致腐敗,然而對于司法領(lǐng)域里的工作人員來說,亦是如此。在司法理論上,完善司法監(jiān)督機制是實現(xiàn)司法公正、保障司法獨立、限制司法機關(guān)工作人自由裁量權(quán)以及防治司法腐敗的必然要求,這為完善對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體司法保護機制提供了實踐基礎(chǔ)。 健全對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的司法保護機制。首先,應(yīng)不斷的完善法律援助的立法,使更多的弱勢群體納入法律保護的軌道。其次,明確人大、黨政機關(guān)以及檢察機關(guān)的監(jiān)督職責(zé)、監(jiān)督規(guī)范,縮短辦案周期,提高司法效率；對司法權(quán)進行有力的監(jiān)督,懲罰司法腐��；提高司法機關(guān)工作人員保護弱勢群體的意識,形成向經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體傾斜的司法氛圍。再次,暢通經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的利益和情感的訴求渠道,發(fā)展與完善替代性糾紛解決機制以彌補訴訟之不足,有利于方便當(dāng)事人參與、降低訴訟成本等特點,從而實現(xiàn)對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體多層次的保護。最后,主要通過完善其他社會條件來實現(xiàn)司法保護的有效運作,逐步建立起對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體行之有效的司法保護機制。 總之,對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的司法保護是一項系統(tǒng)而復(fù)雜的工程,涉及到社會各個方面利益的調(diào)整以及要素的整合。要緊緊圍繞我國對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體特殊保護的原則,努力實現(xiàn)司法公正。同時不僅要從我國國情出發(fā),結(jié)合現(xiàn)階段當(dāng)今社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化和法治建設(shè)的實際,更需要經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體的自身努力和發(fā)展,共同構(gòu)建和完善我國對經(jīng)濟上弱勢群體司法保護的體系。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's market economic system and the deepening of social stratification, the disadvantaged groups characterized by economic poverty have gradually emerged and become an important issue affecting harmony, stability and economic development. The judicial system, as the most effective and reliable "social regulator" to balance and coordinate the interests of different strata, plays a unique and tremendous role in protecting the economically disadvantaged groups. Through appropriate compensation for the interests of the economically disadvantaged groups, the judicial system can help them realize their desire for survival and development and give them opportunities for personal development. It is not only the embodiment of social fairness and legal justice, but also the proper meaning of social development to ensure the implementation and protection of its rights and interests.
The disadvantaged groups in the legal context include not only the economically impoverished groups, but also the rights impoverished and the ability impoverished groups.The economic impoverishment is the main characteristic of the disadvantaged groups, and the economy is the basis for individuals to engage in social activities.All social activities can not be separated from the economic support.The economic strength enables individuals to have more opportunities to participate. On the contrary, economic disadvantage leads to the absence or impoverishment of the enjoyment of spiritual materials and the acquisition of political rights. Therefore, strengthening the protection of economically disadvantaged groups is not only the premise of their rights protection, but also the prerequisite of their rights protection. Foundation is also the basic requirement to maintain its living condition.
Judicial protection is the last line of defense for the protection of the rights and interests of economically vulnerable groups. It plays an important role in safeguarding national judicial justice and promoting social harmony and stability. Law and law protect the economically disadvantaged groups from different degrees, but because of the vagueness and ambiguity of legislation, the relevant laws and regulations of judicial relief are lack of maneuverability. In the actual operation of the law, due to the high cost of litigation, the phenomenon of individual arbitrary charges continues, making the rights and interests of the economically disadvantaged groups subjected to wanton trampling and unable to step into the threshold of judicial protection, the accumulation of such emotions, easy to lead to through Economic disadvantaged groups take extreme ways to vent, and eventually go to the road of crime. Therefore, seeking multi-level protection and emotional appeal channels is not only the urgent needs of economically disadvantaged groups, but also the inevitable requirement of fairness and justice.
According to the theory of checks and balances of power in our country, the power without supervision will inevitably lead to corruption, but for the staff in the judicial field, the same is true. However, this provides a practical basis for improving the judicial protection mechanism for economically disadvantaged groups.
To improve the judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups, we should first of all, constantly improve the legislation of legal aid so that more vulnerable groups can be brought into the orbit of legal protection. Supervise and punish judicial corruption; enhance the awareness of judicial staff to protect vulnerable groups, and form a judicial atmosphere inclined to economically vulnerable groups. thirdly, smooth the economic vulnerable groups'interests and emotional appeal channels, develop and improve alternative dispute resolution mechanism to make up for the shortcomings of litigation, is conducive to the convenience of the parties. Participation, reducing litigation costs and other characteristics, so as to achieve multi-level protection of economically vulnerable groups. Finally, mainly through improving other social conditions to achieve effective operation of judicial protection, and gradually establish an effective judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups.
In short, the judicial protection of economically disadvantaged groups is a systematic and complex project, involving the adjustment of the interests of all aspects of society and the integration of factors. The reality of the political, economic, cultural and legal construction of the society calls for the efforts and development of the economically disadvantaged groups themselves to jointly build and improve the judicial protection system for the economically disadvantaged groups in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D926

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