本文選題：刑事辯護制度 + 律師辯護權��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：律師辯護是刑事訴訟中一項重要的訴訟制度。作為一項在世界范圍內具有相當普遍性并且不斷發(fā)展成熟的制度，，律師辯護是隨著人類理性的發(fā)達、社會經濟的發(fā)展以及職業(yè)辯護人團體的出現而產生的必然結果。律師辯護制度在平衡控辯雙方力量，維護當事人合法權益以及促進司法公正等方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。也正因為此，律師辯護制度的內容在諸如《公民權利與政治權利國際公約》、《關于律師作用的基本原則》以及《囚犯待遇最低限度標準規(guī)則》等多個國際性司法文件中都有體現。 就我國而言，除了在作為根本法的《憲法》中將辯護權作為一項憲法性的權利予以宣誓外，律師辯護的主要內容還體現在作為基本法的《刑事訴訟法》以及2007年新頒布的《律師法》中。而且從1996年《刑事訴訟法》的修改到2007年新《律師法》的頒布，我們不難看出立法者試圖改善我國辯護律師執(zhí)業(yè)環(huán)境的決心和努力。但是一個不爭的事實是，兩部法律實施至今的效果仍然難以令人滿意，辯護律師在刑事訴訟中的角色依然有限，律師辯護業(yè)務的開展在司法實務中仍然面臨著客觀困難。 在本篇論文中，作者首先將律師在辯護活動中遭遇的困難具體概括為三個方面的內容：徘徊在較低水平的辯護率；實體性辯護效果欠佳；程序性辯護在實踐中難以展開。以上三個方面的問題在形成原因上有共通之處，三者之間相互制約相互影響，其中任何一個問題解決地不適當都會對整個辯護制度的存在構成威脅，從而使司法公正的價值受到損害。因此，在本篇論文的第二部分作者著重從制度層面、理念層面以及實踐層面上對造成上述困難局面的原因進行了分析。在制度層面，作者首先分析了模糊性立法以及法律規(guī)則邏輯結構的不完整對律師辯護權利保護的不利影響；其次，審判中立、控辯平等的訴訟格局目前在我國尚未真正形成，控辯力量對比懸殊的情況并沒有得到真正改善。再次，《刑法》306條在運用上的不得當使廣大律師群體在執(zhí)業(yè)過程中時刻面臨著較高的職業(yè)風險，這也是律師不敢輕易承辦刑事案件，造成律師辯護率低的重要原因。在理念層面上，作者主要探討了無罪推定以及程序公正理念的迷失對律師的辯護活動在實踐中屢屢遭受挫折以及程序性辯護遲遲未能全面開展的潛在影響。實踐層面上，作者主要從偵控機關對律師執(zhí)業(yè)的抗拒、缺乏對偵控機關違背規(guī)則的有效制約以及廣泛存在于公檢法三機關內部的不科學的考核機制三個方面討論了律師辯護業(yè)務開展困難的原因。在本篇論文的最后一部分，作者針對第二部分的原因分析分別從制度上、理念上以及實踐方面提出了擺脫律師辯護困境解決思路，以期對我國律師辯護活動更好地開展有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Lawyer's defense is an important litigation system in criminal procedure. As a universal and mature system in the world, lawyer's defense is the inevitable result of the development of human rationality, the development of social economy and the appearance of professional defender group. Lawyer defense system plays an important role in balancing the power of prosecution and defense, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and promoting judicial justice. For this reason, the content of lawyer's defense system is embodied in many international judicial documents, such as the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights, the basic principles on the role of lawyers and the Standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners. As far as our country is concerned, in addition to taking the oath of the right to defence as a constitutional right in the Constitution, which is the basic Law of the people's Republic of China, The main contents of lawyer's defense are also embodied in the Criminal procedure Law, which is the basic law, and the newly promulgated lawyer's Law in 2007. Moreover, from the revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 1996 to the promulgation of the new lawyer Law in 2007, it is not difficult to see the determination and efforts of the legislators in trying to improve the working environment of our country's defense lawyers. However, it is an indisputable fact that the effect of the two laws is still not satisfactory, the role of defense lawyers in criminal proceedings is still limited, and the development of lawyers' defense business is still faced with objective difficulties in judicial practice. In this thesis, the author firstly generalizes the difficulties encountered by lawyers in defense activities into three aspects: the defense rate hovering at a lower level, the poor substantive defense effect, and the difficulty of procedural defense in practice. The causes of the above three problems are in common, the three influence each other, and any improper solution will pose a threat to the existence of the whole defense system. Thus, the value of judicial justice is damaged. Therefore, in the second part of this paper, the author analyzes the causes of the above difficult situation from the system level, the concept level and the practice level. At the system level, the author first analyzes the negative impact of the incomplete logical structure of fuzzy legislation and legal rules on the protection of lawyers' defense rights, secondly, the pattern of trial neutrality and equality of prosecution and defense has not really formed in our country. The disparity in the balance of prosecution and defence has not really improved. Thirdly, the improper application of Article 306 of the Criminal Law makes the vast group of lawyers face higher professional risks in the course of their practice, which is also an important reason why lawyers dare not easily undertake criminal cases, resulting in the low defense rate of lawyers. On the conceptual level, the author mainly discusses the potential impact of the presumption of innocence and the loss of the concept of procedural justice on lawyers' defense activities in practice and the delay in the full development of procedural defense. On the practical level, the author mainly from the investigation and control organs to the lawyer practice resistance, The lack of effective restriction on the violation of the rules by the investigation and control organs and the unscientific assessment mechanism which widely exists in the three organs of the Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate and the Court discusses the reasons for the difficulties in the development of lawyers' defense business. In the last part of this thesis, the author analyzes the reasons of the second part from the system, the idea and the practice. It is expected to be helpful to the defense activities of lawyers in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D926.5

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