本文選題：檢察權(quán) + 法律監(jiān)督　； 參考：《河南大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為一項獨立的國家權(quán)力,檢察權(quán)在一國的權(quán)力體系中居于重要的地位。對檢察權(quán)合理進行配置不僅在理論界被重視與研究,在實務(wù)界也是被十分關(guān)注的課題。檢察權(quán)往往被理解為檢察機關(guān)行使的職權(quán),其設(shè)置及架構(gòu)受到一國法律文化、政治制度的影響。檢察權(quán)是在一國權(quán)力體系中擁有獨立地位并具有重要作用、由專門的檢察機關(guān)及檢察人員行使以進行公共訴訟和進行法律監(jiān)督的一項國家權(quán)力,其實行的根本目的在于保護公民權(quán)益和對公民權(quán)益進行損害救濟以及維護國家利益。關(guān)于檢察權(quán)性質(zhì)的觀點主要有行政權(quán)說、司法權(quán)說、雙重屬性說和法律監(jiān)督說,其中在國外雙重屬性說為通說,而在我國法律監(jiān)督權(quán)說為通說。我國憲法將檢察機關(guān)規(guī)定為法律監(jiān)督機關(guān)、承擔法律監(jiān)督職能。法律監(jiān)督性是檢察權(quán)的根本屬性。檢察權(quán)的具體內(nèi)容包含有公訴權(quán)、刑事偵查權(quán)以及訴訟監(jiān)督權(quán)等,即檢察權(quán)包含了對刑事案件提起公訴,對負有偵辦權(quán)的案件進行偵查,對刑事、民事及行政訴訟的訴訟過程進行監(jiān)督等等。 我國檢察權(quán)制度有較長的歷史沿革,人們普遍認為我國古代的御史制度是我國檢察制度的前身,秦朝時設(shè)立御史臺以糾察百官,唐朝時對御史臺的權(quán)限與職責進行細化,至清末修律進行司法改革,引進西方的檢察制度。新中國成立后,對檢察制度進行了探索性的建設(shè)與發(fā)展,目前我國檢察制度在不斷發(fā)展之中,檢察權(quán)配置也在不斷完善。然而分析我國檢察權(quán)配置的現(xiàn)狀,也難以忽視其中存在的一些問題。我國檢察權(quán)配置的現(xiàn)狀可以從以下幾方面加以分析:對偵查權(quán)檢察的現(xiàn)狀存在著檢察范圍的狹窄和監(jiān)督內(nèi)容的缺失問題;另外,檢察程序設(shè)置不僅存在缺陷,而且檢察機關(guān)檢察處理方式設(shè)置也有不當;在立案權(quán)檢察方面,被監(jiān)督對象僅僅包括公安機關(guān)而不包括法院直接立案管轄的情形,監(jiān)督檢察范圍不全面,監(jiān)督手段也非強制性;對審判權(quán)的檢察監(jiān)督,其范圍狹窄,檢察手段不具有強制性,并且在實踐中也容易出現(xiàn)一些偏差;對執(zhí)行權(quán)的檢察監(jiān)督,其相應(yīng)的配套措施設(shè)置不足等等。我國檢察權(quán)配置存在四個方面的缺陷:首先,檢察權(quán)職能的范圍較為狹窄,如檢察技術(shù)偵查權(quán)的缺失,又如對偵查權(quán)進行監(jiān)督檢察的過程中檢察范圍的狹窄、監(jiān)督內(nèi)容的缺失,對立案權(quán)進行監(jiān)督的過程中被監(jiān)督對象以及監(jiān)督內(nèi)容范圍并不全面;其次,檢察權(quán)缺乏強制權(quán)力保障實施,如在對立案權(quán)進行監(jiān)督的過程中監(jiān)督措施缺乏強制力,難以保證監(jiān)督效果。這使得檢察職能并沒有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用;再次,檢察權(quán)監(jiān)督效力的缺失,難以保證檢察權(quán)的權(quán)威性;最后,檢察權(quán)行使的規(guī)則缺乏可操作性,法律規(guī)定存在籠統(tǒng)、難以具體執(zhí)行等等。之所以存在這些問題,分析其原因主要有:我國在立法層面存在漏洞,很多應(yīng)當予以規(guī)制的問題并沒有設(shè)置相應(yīng)的法律條文;檢察權(quán)制度本身發(fā)展的屬性使然,現(xiàn)階段我國檢察制度仍具有脆弱性;理論界對檢察制度及檢察權(quán)配置在認識上存在分歧,很多問題的認知比較混亂。 對檢察權(quán)進行科學合理的配置,首先需要明確其遵循的基本原則。憲法至上原則、法制原則、依法監(jiān)督原則、權(quán)力制衡原則、檢察權(quán)獨立原則和謙抑性原則等都應(yīng)當構(gòu)成檢察權(quán)配置的基本原則。在堅持這些原則的基礎(chǔ)上,對我國檢察權(quán)配置進行完善可以采取以下一系列措施:擴大檢察監(jiān)督權(quán)的權(quán)限范圍,如適當擴大偵查監(jiān)督、立案監(jiān)督、審判監(jiān)督的權(quán)限,使檢察權(quán)的監(jiān)督職能更多的發(fā)揮作用;增加檢察技術(shù)偵查權(quán),賦予檢察機關(guān)技術(shù)偵查權(quán),可以針對負責偵辦的案件采取監(jiān)聽、監(jiān)控、密拍等技術(shù)偵查措施,提高辦案效率,促進檢察權(quán)職能的順利實施;增強檢察權(quán)強制力,增加檢察手段,完善檢察程序,增強檢察機關(guān)的強制執(zhí)行權(quán)力,避免由于檢察權(quán)不具有強制力而出現(xiàn)監(jiān)督不力的情況;增加檢察權(quán)的可操作性,針對目前法律條文中較為籠統(tǒng)的規(guī)定,制定實施細則,增強檢察權(quán)可操作性,使檢察機關(guān)更好履行檢察職能;合理配置檢察機關(guān)內(nèi)部的職能,著重強化上下級檢察機關(guān)之間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)系,合理分配檢察機關(guān)內(nèi)設(shè)機構(gòu)的權(quán)力,檢察人員間的權(quán)力進行合理分配等等。
[Abstract]:As an independent state power, procuratorial power occupies an important position in the power system of a country. The rational allocation of procuratorial power is not only paid attention to and studied in the theoretical circle, but also a subject of great concern in the practical field. Procuratorial power is often understood as the authority exercised by the procuratorial organ, and its setting and structure are subject to the legal culture of a country. The influence of the political system. The procuratorial power is an independent state and has an important role in the power system of a country. A national power is exercised by the special procuratorial organs and procurators to carry out public litigation and legal supervision. The fundamental purpose of the procuratorial power is to protect the interests of public rights and to damage the rights and interests of citizens as well as the relief of the rights and interests of citizens. In order to safeguard the national interests, the views on the nature of the procuratorial power mainly include the theory of administrative power, the theory of judicial power, the double attribute and the legal supervision, among which the dual attributes of the foreign countries are said as the general theory, and the legal supervision right in our country is the general theory. The constitution of the Constitution provides the procuratorial organs as the legal supervision organ and the legal supervision function. The legal supervision is the inspection. The specific contents of the right of inspection include the right of public prosecution, the right of criminal investigation and the right of supervision of the lawsuit, that is, the procuratorial power includes the prosecution of the criminal cases, the investigation of the cases with the right of investigation, the supervision of the procedure of the criminal, civil and administrative litigation, etc.
The system of procuratorial power in our country has a long history. It is generally believed that the ancient imperial system in our country was the predecessor of the procuratorial system in our country. In the Qin Dynasty, the imperial court was set up to inspect a hundred officials, and the powers and responsibilities of the imperial court were refined in the Tang Dynasty, to the judicial reform of the late Qing Dynasty and the introduction of the Western procuratorial system. After the founding of new China, the Chinese procuratorial system was established. The procuratorial system has carried out exploratory construction and development. At present, the procuratorial system in our country is constantly developing, and the allocation of procuratorial power is constantly improving. However, it is difficult to ignore the existing problems in the analysis of the current situation of the allocation of procuratorial power in our country. The status of the allocation of procuratorial power in China can be analyzed from the following aspects: the inspection right inspection. The present situation of inspection has the limitation of the scope of procuratorial scope and the lack of supervision content; in addition, there are not only defects in the prosecution procedure, but also the improper arrangement of procuratorial organs in the procuratorial organs. In the prosecution of the right of filing case, the object of supervision only includes the public security organs but not the case of the court directly under the jurisdiction of the court, and supervision of the procuratorial model. It is not comprehensive and the means of supervision are not mandatory; the procuratorial supervision of the judicial power is narrow, the procuratorial means is not mandatory, and there are some deviations in practice; the procuratorial supervision of the executive power, the insufficient set of corresponding supporting measures and so on. There are four defects in the configuration of procuratorial power in our country: first, procuratorial power The scope of the function is relatively narrow, such as the lack of procuratorial technology investigation right, as well as the narrowing of the procuratorial scope in the process of supervision and procuratorial investigation, the lack of supervision content, the supervision object and the scope of supervision in the process of supervising the right to file a case and the scope of the supervision content is not comprehensive. In the process of supervising the right of filing a case, the supervision measures are lack of coercion, and it is difficult to guarantee the effect of supervision. This makes the procuratorial function do not play its due role; again, the lack of the supervision effect of the procuratorial power is difficult to guarantee the authority of the procuratorial power; finally, the rules of the exercise of procuratorial power are not operable, the legal provisions are general and difficult to be specific. The main reasons are as follows: there are many reasons for the existence of these problems: there are loopholes in our country in the legislative level, many problems should be regulated and no corresponding legal provisions are set up; the property of the procuratorial system itself is still fragile, and the procuratorial system and procuratorial power in the theoretical circles are matched. There are differences in cognition and many problems are confused.
For the scientific and rational allocation of procuratorial power, first of all, it needs to clear the basic principles that it follows. The principle of constitutional supremacy, the principle of legal system, the principle of supervision by law, the principle of power balance, the principle of independence of procuratorial power and the principle of modesty should all constitute the basic principles of the allocation of procuratorial power. On the basis of adhering to these principles, the allocation of procuratorial power in our country is on the basis of the principle. The following measures can be taken to improve the scope of the authority of the procuratorial supervision, such as the proper expansion of the supervision of the investigation, the supervision of the case, the jurisdiction of the trial supervision, the more function of the supervisory function of the procuratorial power, the increase of the power of investigation of the procuratorial technology, the power of the investigation of the procuratorial organs, and the supervision of the cases responsible for the investigation. In order to improve the efficiency of handling cases and promote the smooth implementation of procuratorial power functions, we should improve the efficiency of handling cases, enhance the force of procuratorial power, increase procuratorial means, improve procuratorial procedure, strengthen the enforcement power of procuratorial organs, avoid the situation of inability to supervise the procuratorial power, and increase the operability of procuratorial power, According to the more general rules in the current legal provisions, the implementation rules will be formulated to enhance the operability of the procuratorial power, to make the procuratorial organs perform the procuratorial function better, to rationally allocate the functions of the procuratorial organs, to strengthen the relationship between the leaders and the leaders between the upper and lower procuratorial organs, and to allocate the power of the procuratorial organs in the procuratorial organs, and the procuratorial people. The rational distribution of the power between the members and so on.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.3

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 宋肇新;檢察權(quán)的優(yōu)化配置研究[D];華中師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1941029