發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 08:14

  本文選題：法律援助制度　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)家責(zé)任　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：向貧困者提供免費(fèi)法律服務(wù)為核心內(nèi)容的法律援助制度從產(chǎn)生至今已有將近600年的歷史了,它的價(jià)值蘊(yùn)含了倫理、政治、法律等方面�；谠撝贫葘�(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)司法平等、保障人權(quán)、完善社會(huì)保障體系等價(jià)值,因此,世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家已經(jīng)通過(guò)立法所確立。法律援助制度是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的一種法律保障制度,法律援助的對(duì)象是貧困的弱勢(shì)群體,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,社會(huì)急速轉(zhuǎn)型,機(jī)會(huì)不均等,信息不對(duì)稱(chēng);資源的有限性和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的殘局性,加之區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,貧富差距在加大,這是弱勢(shì)群體產(chǎn)生的特殊原因。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)固然有高的效率,但市場(chǎng)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生種種失敗,存在市場(chǎng)失靈。政府的作用是干市場(chǎng)無(wú)法調(diào)節(jié),無(wú)法保證公平的事情。弱勢(shì)群體法律援助保障正是市場(chǎng)失靈的領(lǐng)域,政府不但要承擔(dān)這一領(lǐng)域中的國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際義務(wù),而且應(yīng)遵循現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的法治要求,建立政府法律援助的調(diào)控保護(hù)機(jī)制。中國(guó)法律援助制度經(jīng)過(guò)十年的醞釀和準(zhǔn)備,經(jīng)過(guò)了近十五年的努力,從無(wú)到有,從一張白紙到以《法律援助條例》的頒布實(shí)施為標(biāo)志正式確立體系的初步建立,中國(guó)的法律援助事業(yè)正透露著勃勃生機(jī)。大多數(shù)中國(guó)人對(duì)“法律援助”經(jīng)歷了從陌生到熟悉的過(guò)程。政府的責(zé)任體現(xiàn)在如下方面:加大法律援助人力資源開(kāi)發(fā),建立法律援助經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制,努力使法律援助制度供給趨向均衡。在西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家法律援助制度已發(fā)展到成為面向貧困者的社會(huì)保障體系和維護(hù)人權(quán)的政府職能,明確國(guó)家是法律援助的責(zé)任主體,法律援助是國(guó)家責(zé)任。這為中國(guó)法律援助的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展完善提供了頗具意義的啟示。法律援助的國(guó)家責(zé)任性質(zhì)已經(jīng)為許多國(guó)家所承認(rèn)。法律援助不僅僅是為了社會(huì)的公正,更重要的是要徹底改變貧困者的生存狀況和社會(huì)地位,最終保障他們作為人的所有權(quán)利。本文擬從國(guó)際人權(quán)法中有關(guān)法律援助的理論和實(shí)踐出發(fā),論證法律援助的國(guó)家責(zé)任,并分析國(guó)際人權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)我國(guó)法律援助制度的建立之啟示和指導(dǎo)作用,對(duì)中國(guó)法律援助制度理論提出一些不成熟的創(chuàng)新見(jiàn)解,著眼于構(gòu)建成熟、健康、文明的中國(guó)法律援助制度立法體系,并對(duì)改革中國(guó)法律援助制度實(shí)踐作一些探討和研究。
[Abstract]:The legal aid system, which provides free legal services to the poor as its core content, has a history of nearly 600 years since its inception. Its value contains ethical, political, legal and other aspects. Therefore, most countries in the world have established through legislation. The legal aid system is a kind of legal security system in modern society, and the object of legal aid is the disadvantaged groups in poverty. Under the conditions of market economy, the rapid transformation of society, unequal opportunities, asymmetric information, limited resources and the residual nature of competition, in addition to the imbalance in regional economic development, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. This is a special reason for the emergence of vulnerable groups. Although the market economy has high efficiency, but the market can also produce a variety of failures, there is market failure. The role of the government is to dry the market can not adjust. The guarantee of legal aid for vulnerable groups is precisely the area where the market fails. The government should not only assume its domestic and international obligations in this field, but also comply with the rule of law requirements of the modern market economy. Establish a regulatory and protective mechanism for government legal aid. After 10 years of preparation and 10 years of preparation, after nearly 15 years of hard work, China's legal aid system has grown from nothing to existence. From a blank piece of paper to the initial establishment of the formal establishment system marked by the promulgation and implementation of the legal Aid regulations, The cause of legal aid in China is full of vitality. Most Chinese people have experienced a process of "legal aid" from unfamiliar to familiar. The responsibility of the government lies in the following aspects: increasing legal aid for human resources development, The legal aid system has developed into a social security system for the poor and a government function to safeguard human rights in the western developed countries. It is clear that the State is the subject of legal aid, Legal aid is the responsibility of the state. This provides a significant enlightenment for the further development and improvement of legal aid in China. The nature of the state responsibility of legal aid has been recognized by many countries. Legal aid is not only for the sake of social justice. What is more important is to completely change the living conditions and social status of the poor, and finally to guarantee all their rights as human beings. This paper intends to demonstrate the state responsibility of legal aid from the theory and practice of legal aid in international human rights law. It also analyzes the enlightenment and guidance of international human rights standards to the establishment of legal aid system in China, and puts forward some immature and innovative views on the theory of legal aid system in China, with a view to constructing mature and healthy legal aid system. The civilized legislative system of China's legal aid system and the practice of reforming China's legal aid system are discussed and studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926.5

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本文編號(hào)：1583088