本文關(guān)鍵詞： 律師 政治參與 制度供給 民主法治　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：政治參與是公民或團(tuán)體采取一定的方式和途徑影響政治和公共政策形成的行為和過程，律師的政治參與對(duì)國家的民主法治建設(shè)和公共管理的改善意義重大�，F(xiàn)代法治史表明，存在一個(gè)不可忽視的領(lǐng)域，律師應(yīng)該充分彰顯其價(jià)值，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域就是政治生活。 律師在西方國家有著尊崇的地位，他們扮演著社會(huì)中貴族的角色，在政治舞臺(tái)上極為耀眼，很多政治明星來源于律師行業(yè)。律師參與政治已成為西方政治和法治發(fā)展的潮流和趨勢(shì)。美、英、德、法等國家律師的政治參與尤為典型。律師的政治參與具備諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)和條件，，一是具備職業(yè)技能優(yōu)勢(shì)，二是具備時(shí)間和經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，三是具備社會(huì)角色優(yōu)勢(shì)。律師的政治參與在維護(hù)法治、促進(jìn)民主、改善公共管理等方面均具有重要價(jià)值。 中國近代律師制度發(fā)軔于清末。在引進(jìn)西方的律師制度時(shí)，對(duì)其做了較大的保留，律師章程對(duì)律師從事與法律無關(guān)的活動(dòng)持否定態(tài)度，實(shí)質(zhì)上禁止了律師的政治參與。新中國成立后，律師的政治參與一度輝煌，他們?yōu)楣埠蛧慕⒆鞒隽送怀鲐暙I(xiàn)。改革開放后，中國律師的政治參與在一定程度上存在，一是部分律師當(dāng)選為人大代表或政協(xié)委員；二是通過參與立法等途徑影響公共政策的制定和執(zhí)行。 律師目前在政治上地位卑微，其政治參與范圍狹小、深度有限是突出問題，這與其所處的社會(huì)政治生態(tài)有密切關(guān)系：首先，干部人事制度排拒了律師的政治參與，缺乏法律職業(yè)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換制度限制了律師的政治參與，沒有建立起律師參與立法的常規(guī)制度阻礙了律師的政治參與；其次，官本位思想壓制了律師的政治參與，傳統(tǒng)的無訟厭訟思想對(duì)律師的輕視，影響了律師的政治參與；再次，律師職業(yè)過度商業(yè)化吞沒了律師在法治國家建設(shè)和社會(huì)公共事務(wù)中理當(dāng)扮演的公共性政治角色；律師的政治參與意識(shí)較弱使得律師無可避免地喪失了參與政治、推動(dòng)法治進(jìn)程的能力和機(jī)會(huì)；律師群體整體素質(zhì)不能滿足政治參與的要求也極大地制約了律師政治參與功能的發(fā)揮。 從專制人治到民主法治的歷史轉(zhuǎn)型為律師以權(quán)利捍衛(wèi)者的身份出現(xiàn)并活躍在社會(huì)政治舞臺(tái)打開了大門；以法政等人文社科專業(yè)背景為主的職業(yè)政治家治國時(shí)代的來臨，意味著經(jīng)由人文官僚、技術(shù)官僚治國之后，法政官僚治國時(shí)代的到來，這將為中國律師的政治參與提供難得的歷史機(jī)遇，中國律師以政治家和行政官員的身份出現(xiàn)在社會(huì)政治舞臺(tái)將因?yàn)橛鞋F(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性而值得期待。 政治參與供給制度的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是現(xiàn)代國家之間十分重要的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)項(xiàng)目，律師作為寶貴的政治人才資源，如果不能獲得更好的政治參與通道，勢(shì)必會(huì)有浪費(fèi)或流失的可能。要設(shè)計(jì)出讓律師充分發(fā)揮作用的民主制度，實(shí)現(xiàn)政治資源的合理配置。要增加律師參與政治的機(jī)會(huì)，建立律師進(jìn)入體制內(nèi)的正常機(jī)制，提供律師政治參與的制度供給。當(dāng)選人大代表或政協(xié)委員、直接參與立法、進(jìn)入司法部門、通過擔(dān)任公職律師等途徑參與和影響決策、進(jìn)入國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)等等是加強(qiáng)我國律師政治參與的路徑選擇。
[Abstract]:Political participation is the behavior and process of citizens or groups to take certain ways and means to influence the formation of political and public policies . The political participation of lawyers is of great significance to the improvement of the country ' s democratic rule of law and the improvement of public administration . The history of modern rule of law shows that there is a field that cannot be ignored , and lawyers should fully demonstrate their value , which is political life . lawyer ' s participation in politics has become the trend and trend of western politics and rule of law . After the reform and opening - up , the political participation of lawyers in China has been brilliant . After the reform and opening - up , the political participation of lawyers in China has been in a certain degree . One is that some lawyers are elected as representatives of the NPC or CPPCC members ; the second is to influence the formulation and implementation of public policies through participation in legislation . The lawyer ' s political participation and the lack of legal profession restrict the lawyer ' s political participation ; secondly , the legal profession overcommercializes the lawyer ' s political participation , and the lawyer ' s political participation is weak , so the lawyer inevitably loses the ability and opportunity to participate in politics and promote the rule of law process , and the requirement of the lawyer group ' s overall quality can not meet the requirement of political participation , which also restricts the function of lawyer ' s political participation . From the rule of law to democracy , the transformation of rule of law has opened the door for lawyers in the status of the rights defenders and active in the political arena of the society ; the arrival of the rule of governance of a professional statesman based on the background of the humanities and social sciences , such as the rule of law , means that the arrival of the rule of law and government after the administration of the humanities and social sciences , such as the rule of law , will provide a rare historical opportunity for the political participation of Chinese lawyers , and the presence of Chinese lawyers in the political arena of the society as a politician and administrative officials will be expected to be possible because of the possibility of reality . The competition of political participation in supply system is a very important competition project between modern countries . As a valuable political talent resource , lawyers can be wasted or lost if they are not able to obtain better political participation channels . To increase the chances of lawyer ' s participation in politics , to establish the normal mechanism of lawyer ' s political participation . To increase the chances of lawyer ' s participation in politics , establish the normal mechanism of lawyer ' s political participation .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D926.5

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