卡多佐法律成長論研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-28 09:50
【摘要】： 卡多佐被公認(rèn)為美國歷史上最偉大、最智慧的法官之一,在美國的司法界、法學(xué)界有著極高的聲望,則其司法理論必有獨(dú)到之處。筆者以為卡多佐的司法理論可以概括為法律成長的理論,本文首先較全面地介紹了卡多佐法律成長思想的背景,轉(zhuǎn)而采用文本細(xì)讀的方法著重介紹了法律成長的起點(diǎn)、成長的路徑、成長的方法、成長的輔助哲學(xué),全面分析了法律如何成長的問題,揭示了卡多佐的平衡藝術(shù)和實(shí)用主義思想�？ǘ嘧羯硖幟绹鐣拇筠D(zhuǎn)型時期,系統(tǒng)研究卡多佐的法律成長理論,有助于深入思考法官在面對轉(zhuǎn)型期法律成長之時的平衡之術(shù)和法律實(shí)用主義的價(jià)值所在,進(jìn)而對目前同樣處于轉(zhuǎn)型時期的我國,對我們的立法、司法給以啟迪。 卡多佐的法律成長理論有著其獨(dú)特的背景和淵源。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初美國正處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期,社會劇變,之前主要回應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)社會的法律已無法滿足變化了的社會需求,法律亟需變革;當(dāng)時盛行的法律形式主義逐漸失勢,正遭到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者和實(shí)用主義者的猛烈攻擊,卡多佐正是推崇實(shí)用主義的法律實(shí)用主義者。如此,卡多佐的以實(shí)用主義基礎(chǔ)的、積極呼應(yīng)社會劇變的法律成長理論產(chǎn)生了。 “法律必須穩(wěn)定,卻不能靜止不變�！狈勺非蠓�(wěn)定性,但是社會在變,所以法律必須成長。法律成長的路徑有立法成長、法律重述和司法成長,由于天然的正當(dāng)性,立法成長法是法律成長最根本最重要的路徑,法律重述則是要求法學(xué)界對法律的成長做出一些貢獻(xiàn),而作為一名法官,司法成長是卡多佐研究的重心。司法成長理論包括司法成長的必要性和可能性、司法成長的案件類型、司法成長的模式和司法成長的方法。其中,司法成長的方法又是司法成長理論的核心,具體包括哲學(xué)的方法、歷史的方法、傳統(tǒng)的方法和社會學(xué)方法。實(shí)踐當(dāng)中需要方法的選擇,這種選擇是在它們所代表的社會利益的衡量之下的選擇。這樣的選擇,需要一些哲學(xué)的輔助,就是對法律目的和法律功能的理解,在正義和一般效用的指導(dǎo)下,促成方法的選擇、法律的成長。 對卡多佐法律成長理論的評價(jià)有贊許有批評,批評者或認(rèn)為該理論并非一個完整的理論體系,或認(rèn)為該理論可能會導(dǎo)致法官專制,或認(rèn)為該理論不能給法官提供一個最終答案。筆者以為卡多佐的法律成長理論是一種平衡的藝術(shù),一種實(shí)用主義的法哲學(xué),一種自省的意識。它本意不在于構(gòu)建一個邏輯嚴(yán)密的理論體系,也不在于告訴法官解決案件的直接答案;它的價(jià)值在于一種方法上的指導(dǎo),指導(dǎo)法官避免思維過于直接、過于武斷的方法,指導(dǎo)法官面對法律本身所包含的諸多矛盾時該如何去協(xié)調(diào),它是一種度的把握、一種平衡的藝術(shù)、一種實(shí)用的哲學(xué)。
[Abstract]:Cardoso is recognized as one of the greatest and wisest judges in American history. The author thinks that Cardoso's judicial theory can be summed up as the theory of legal growth. Firstly, this paper introduces the background of Cardoso's thought of legal growth in a more comprehensive way, and focuses on the starting point of legal growth by using the method of text reading. The path of growth, the method of growth, the auxiliary philosophy of growth, the comprehensive analysis of how the law grows, reveals Cardoso's balanced art and pragmatism. Cardoso is in the period of great transformation of American society. Studying Cardoso's theory of legal growth is helpful to think deeply about the balance of law growth and the value of legal pragmatism. Furthermore, it enlightens our legislation and judicature in the same period of transition. Cardoso's theory of legal growth has its unique background and origin. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States is in a period of social transformation. The law is in urgent need of change; Legal formalism, which was prevailing at that time, was being attacked by realist and pragmatist, and Cardoso was the legal pragmatist who advocated pragmatism. Thus, Cardoso's theory of legal growth, based on pragmatism and responding to social upheaval, came into being. "the law must be stable, but it cannot stand still." The law pursues stability, but society is changing, so the law must grow. The path of legal growth includes legislative growth, legal restatement and judicial growth. Due to its natural legitimacy, the law of legislative growth is the most fundamental and most important path of legal growth, and the legal restatement requires the legal circles to make some contributions to the growth of law. As a judge, judicial growth is the focus of Cardoso's research. The theory of judicial growth includes the necessity and possibility of judicial growth, the types of cases, the mode of judicial growth and the methods of judicial growth. Among them, the method of judicial growth is the core of the theory of judicial growth, including philosophical method, historical method, traditional method and sociological method. In practice there is a need for a choice of methods, which is a choice based on the measure of the social interests they represent. This kind of choice, needs some philosophical assistance, is to understand the legal purpose and the legal function, under the guidance of the justice and the general utility, promotes the method choice, the law growth. Some critics think that Cardoso's theory of legal growth is not a complete theoretical system, or that the theory may lead to the despotism of judges, or that the theory can not provide a final answer for judges. The author thinks that Cardoso's theory of legal growth is a kind of balanced art, a pragmatic philosophy of law and a sense of self-reflection. Its original intention is not to construct a logical theoretical system, nor to tell the judge the direct answer to solve the case. Its value lies in a kind of method guidance, instructs the judge to avoid the way of thinking too direct, too arbitrary, instructs the judge how to coordinate in the face of the many contradictions contained in the law itself, it is a degree of grasp. A balanced art, a practical philosophy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.712
[Abstract]:Cardoso is recognized as one of the greatest and wisest judges in American history. The author thinks that Cardoso's judicial theory can be summed up as the theory of legal growth. Firstly, this paper introduces the background of Cardoso's thought of legal growth in a more comprehensive way, and focuses on the starting point of legal growth by using the method of text reading. The path of growth, the method of growth, the auxiliary philosophy of growth, the comprehensive analysis of how the law grows, reveals Cardoso's balanced art and pragmatism. Cardoso is in the period of great transformation of American society. Studying Cardoso's theory of legal growth is helpful to think deeply about the balance of law growth and the value of legal pragmatism. Furthermore, it enlightens our legislation and judicature in the same period of transition. Cardoso's theory of legal growth has its unique background and origin. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States is in a period of social transformation. The law is in urgent need of change; Legal formalism, which was prevailing at that time, was being attacked by realist and pragmatist, and Cardoso was the legal pragmatist who advocated pragmatism. Thus, Cardoso's theory of legal growth, based on pragmatism and responding to social upheaval, came into being. "the law must be stable, but it cannot stand still." The law pursues stability, but society is changing, so the law must grow. The path of legal growth includes legislative growth, legal restatement and judicial growth. Due to its natural legitimacy, the law of legislative growth is the most fundamental and most important path of legal growth, and the legal restatement requires the legal circles to make some contributions to the growth of law. As a judge, judicial growth is the focus of Cardoso's research. The theory of judicial growth includes the necessity and possibility of judicial growth, the types of cases, the mode of judicial growth and the methods of judicial growth. Among them, the method of judicial growth is the core of the theory of judicial growth, including philosophical method, historical method, traditional method and sociological method. In practice there is a need for a choice of methods, which is a choice based on the measure of the social interests they represent. This kind of choice, needs some philosophical assistance, is to understand the legal purpose and the legal function, under the guidance of the justice and the general utility, promotes the method choice, the law growth. Some critics think that Cardoso's theory of legal growth is not a complete theoretical system, or that the theory may lead to the despotism of judges, or that the theory can not provide a final answer for judges. The author thinks that Cardoso's theory of legal growth is a kind of balanced art, a pragmatic philosophy of law and a sense of self-reflection. Its original intention is not to construct a logical theoretical system, nor to tell the judge the direct answer to solve the case. Its value lies in a kind of method guidance, instructs the judge to avoid the way of thinking too direct, too arbitrary, instructs the judge how to coordinate in the face of the many contradictions contained in the law itself, it is a degree of grasp. A balanced art, a practical philosophy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.712
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