理性立法程序的構(gòu)建
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-18 07:55
【摘要】： 理想的人類社會秩序,在很大程度上要依賴于法律規(guī)范來實(shí)現(xiàn)和維護(hù),而法律規(guī)范又導(dǎo)源于立法的規(guī)則和程序,因而對立法程序及其相關(guān)的各種問題進(jìn)行探討和研究,必將為人們邁向更加理想的社會秩序起到助推的作用。依循本文的旨趣,所有付諸討論的立法程序并不被框定在任何特定歷史時期和地理疆域上,然而在所難免的歷史局限性或許早已打破本文的初衷。 本文共分三章,第一章著重探討了立法程序所服務(wù)于的終極目標(biāo),即理想的人類社會秩序,以及立法程序在促進(jìn)該目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程中發(fā)揮功能的基本原理。在討論理想的人類社會秩序的過程中,先對歷史上最為重要的有關(guān)社會理想和社會倫理的思想資源進(jìn)行了概括和提煉,之后分析了各種思想和理論之間存在的內(nèi)在緊張關(guān)系以及它們各自的局限性。 本文第二章著重討論了理性立法程序遭遇的困境。理性立法程序在科學(xué)理性的層面上遇到了投票干擾和投票循環(huán)的困境,投票干擾現(xiàn)象指沒有獲勝希望的候選對象會顯著影響最終的立法結(jié)果,這種現(xiàn)象雖然可以通過修正某些立法程序的方式得到糾正,然而解決舊問題的對策卻引發(fā)了新困難,即投票循環(huán)現(xiàn)象。投票循環(huán)現(xiàn)象是指投票結(jié)果失去了傳遞性,這就使得人們無法按照理性的規(guī)則在各個候選對象之間抉擇出最終的立法結(jié)果。理性立法程序在倫理理性的層面上遇到了信息扭曲和議程操縱的困境,信息扭曲包括了信息丟失和信息忽略現(xiàn)象,該類現(xiàn)象的存在導(dǎo)致了間接民主在多數(shù)決的倫理理性基礎(chǔ)上受到了動搖。議程操縱現(xiàn)象指的是在某些立法場景下,最終的立法結(jié)果明顯受到安排議程的人員和機(jī)構(gòu)的控制,這一問題的發(fā)現(xiàn)對立法議程的制度性構(gòu)建提出了重大挑戰(zhàn)。 本文第三章著重論述了立法程序?qū)α⒎ńY(jié)果發(fā)揮影響的作用機(jī)理以及對立法程序內(nèi)容的初步構(gòu)建。為了簡化分析的過程,突出重要的觀念,文章先將具體的社會環(huán)境條件懸置起來,著力考察了立法程序內(nèi)部的各種變量因素對立法結(jié)果的作用機(jī)制。其后文章將最為重要的社會環(huán)境因素歸結(jié)為利益分化現(xiàn)狀和利益分化趨勢兩大類,并分析了立法程序?qū)@兩類社會環(huán)境因素的作用和適應(yīng)過程。
[Abstract]:The ideal human social order depends to a large extent on the realization and maintenance of legal norms, which, in turn, are derived from the rules and procedures of legislation. It will certainly help people to move towards a more ideal social order. According to the purport of this paper, all the legislative procedures discussed are not framed in any particular historical period and geographical territory, but the inevitable historical limitations may have already broken the original intention of this paper. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the ultimate goal served by the legislative process, that is, the ideal human social order, and the basic principles of the legislative process in the process of promoting the realization of the goal. In the course of discussing the ideal human social order, the author summarizes and refines the most important ideological resources about social ideal and social ethics in history. Then it analyzes the internal tension between various ideas and theories and their respective limitations. The second chapter focuses on the difficulties encountered by the rational legislative process. The rational legislative procedure has encountered the dilemma of vote interference and voting cycle on the level of scientific rationality. The phenomenon of vote interference means that the candidate who has no hope of winning will significantly affect the final legislative outcome. Although this phenomenon can be corrected by amending some legislative procedures, the countermeasures to solve the old problems have caused new difficulties, that is, the phenomenon of voting cycle. The phenomenon of voting cycle refers to the loss of transitivity of the voting result, which makes people unable to decide the final legislative result among the candidates according to the rational rules. The rational legislative process has encountered the dilemma of information distortion and agenda manipulation on the level of ethical rationality. Information distortion includes the phenomenon of information loss and information neglect. The existence of this kind of phenomenon causes indirect democracy to be shaken on the ethical basis of majority decision. Agenda manipulation refers to the fact that, in some legislative scenarios, the final legislative results are obviously controlled by the people and institutions who arrange the agenda. The discovery of this problem poses a great challenge to the institutional construction of the legislative agenda. In the third chapter, the author discusses the mechanism of the influence of the legislative procedure on the legislative result and the preliminary construction of the content of the legislative procedure. In order to simplify the process of analysis and highlight important concepts, the article first suspends the specific social environmental conditions, and studies the mechanism of various variable factors in the legislative process on the legislative results. After that, the most important social environmental factors are divided into two categories: the current situation of interest differentiation and the trend of interest differentiation, and the function and adaptation process of legislative procedure to these two kinds of social environmental factors are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D901
本文編號：2247266
[Abstract]:The ideal human social order depends to a large extent on the realization and maintenance of legal norms, which, in turn, are derived from the rules and procedures of legislation. It will certainly help people to move towards a more ideal social order. According to the purport of this paper, all the legislative procedures discussed are not framed in any particular historical period and geographical territory, but the inevitable historical limitations may have already broken the original intention of this paper. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the ultimate goal served by the legislative process, that is, the ideal human social order, and the basic principles of the legislative process in the process of promoting the realization of the goal. In the course of discussing the ideal human social order, the author summarizes and refines the most important ideological resources about social ideal and social ethics in history. Then it analyzes the internal tension between various ideas and theories and their respective limitations. The second chapter focuses on the difficulties encountered by the rational legislative process. The rational legislative procedure has encountered the dilemma of vote interference and voting cycle on the level of scientific rationality. The phenomenon of vote interference means that the candidate who has no hope of winning will significantly affect the final legislative outcome. Although this phenomenon can be corrected by amending some legislative procedures, the countermeasures to solve the old problems have caused new difficulties, that is, the phenomenon of voting cycle. The phenomenon of voting cycle refers to the loss of transitivity of the voting result, which makes people unable to decide the final legislative result among the candidates according to the rational rules. The rational legislative process has encountered the dilemma of information distortion and agenda manipulation on the level of ethical rationality. Information distortion includes the phenomenon of information loss and information neglect. The existence of this kind of phenomenon causes indirect democracy to be shaken on the ethical basis of majority decision. Agenda manipulation refers to the fact that, in some legislative scenarios, the final legislative results are obviously controlled by the people and institutions who arrange the agenda. The discovery of this problem poses a great challenge to the institutional construction of the legislative agenda. In the third chapter, the author discusses the mechanism of the influence of the legislative procedure on the legislative result and the preliminary construction of the content of the legislative procedure. In order to simplify the process of analysis and highlight important concepts, the article first suspends the specific social environmental conditions, and studies the mechanism of various variable factors in the legislative process on the legislative results. After that, the most important social environmental factors are divided into two categories: the current situation of interest differentiation and the trend of interest differentiation, and the function and adaptation process of legislative procedure to these two kinds of social environmental factors are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D901
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