美國刑事被告人強制取證權(quán)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 20:00
【摘要】： 刑事被告人的強制取證權(quán)在許多國家的法律中都有規(guī)定,其中,美國的該項權(quán)利無論是在法律規(guī)定還是在實踐應(yīng)用層面都較為典型。本文以美國刑事被告人的強制取證權(quán)為研究對象,以美國聯(lián)邦法院和州法院涉及這一權(quán)利的重要判例以及學(xué)者的學(xué)術(shù)論文為研究基點,介紹美國刑事被告人強制取證權(quán)的基本內(nèi)容、判例發(fā)展以及其與相關(guān)制度之間的關(guān)系。最后從我國的視角對美國刑事被告人的強制取證權(quán)進行評析,并分析如何對美國的該項權(quán)利加以借鑒。文章共分四章: 第一章介紹強制取證權(quán)概念及價值。該章從國際公約對強制取證權(quán)的規(guī)定和部分國家法律對強制取證權(quán)的規(guī)定入手,引出強制取證權(quán)的概念。并著重從程序公正、發(fā)現(xiàn)真實和提高效率角度分析了強制取證權(quán)的價值,為后文的展開奠定基礎(chǔ)。 第二章總結(jié)歸納美國刑事被告人強制取證權(quán)的要件。該章共分五部分:第一部分主要從空間范圍和時間范圍兩個角度介紹強制取證權(quán)的適用范圍;第二部分為強制取證權(quán)的主體,其中著重分析法官、檢察官和陪審團對被告人的強制取證權(quán)所起的作用;第三部分為強制取證權(quán)的客體,重點區(qū)分了有利證人和不利證人的概念,論述強制取證的范圍;第四部分借助一系列判例的發(fā)展引出強制取證權(quán)行使的條件;第五部分對法庭審理前和法庭審理中兩個階段強制取證權(quán)的內(nèi)容進行歸納。 第三章重點分析了美國刑事被告人強制取證權(quán)與相關(guān)制度的關(guān)系。該章共分四部分:第一部分介紹強制取證權(quán)與憲法第六修正案規(guī)定的被告人其它權(quán)利的關(guān)系,包括與被告人對質(zhì)權(quán)、與被告人律師幫助權(quán)以及與被告人有權(quán)獲得陪審團審判權(quán)的關(guān)系;第二部分寫強制取證權(quán)與傳聞證據(jù)規(guī)則的關(guān)系;第三部分闡述了強制取證權(quán)與證人免證權(quán)發(fā)生沖突時該如何解決;第四部分介紹了當(dāng)強制取證權(quán)與反對自我歸罪權(quán)產(chǎn)生矛盾時的處理方法。 第四章闡述了美國刑事被告人強制取證權(quán)對我國的借鑒意義。該章共分三部分:第一部分是對美國強制取證權(quán)的中國式解讀,客觀地分析了強制取證權(quán)發(fā)展中的障礙以及該權(quán)利本身的一些不足,如:容易造成時間的浪費,不具有普適性,需要諸多制度支持等等;第二部分將目光轉(zhuǎn)向我國法律,分析了當(dāng)前我國相關(guān)法律對辯方強制取證的規(guī)定現(xiàn)狀并對其進行了評價;第三部分論述了我國法律該如何借鑒美國這一制度,指出了在借鑒中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的五大原則,并進行了具體的程序設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:The compulsory right to obtain evidence of a criminal defendant is stipulated in the laws of many countries, among which, this right in the United States is typical both in law and in practice. In this paper, the author takes the compulsory evidence right of the American criminal defendants as the research object, the important jurisprudence of the United States federal court and the state court concerning this right and the academic papers of the scholars as the basic point of the research. This paper introduces the basic content, the development of the case law and the relationship between the right of compulsory evidence collection and the related system in the United States. Finally, from the angle of our country, the author analyzes the compulsory right of the American criminal defendant, and analyzes how to draw lessons from the right of the American criminal defendant. The article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces the concept and value of compulsory forensics. In this chapter, the concept of compulsory forensics right is introduced from the provisions of international conventions on compulsory forensics and the provisions of some national laws on compulsory forensics. From the point of procedural justice, the author analyzes the value of compulsory forensics right from the point of view of truthfulness and improvement of efficiency, which lays a foundation for the later article. The second chapter sums up the elements of compulsory evidence right of American criminal defendants. This chapter is divided into five parts: the first part mainly introduces the scope of application of compulsory forensics right from two angles of space scope and time scope; the second part is the subject of compulsory forensics right, in which the analysis of judges is emphasized. The third part is the object of compulsory evidence right, which focuses on the concept of favorable witness and unfavorable witness, and discusses the scope of forced evidence collection. The fourth part leads to the conditions of the enforcement of the right to obtain evidence with the help of the development of a series of cases. The fifth part summarizes the content of the compulsory right of taking evidence in the two stages of the court trial and the court trial. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the American criminal defendants' compulsory right to obtain evidence and relevant systems. This chapter is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the relationship between the compulsory right to take evidence and the other rights of the accused stipulated in the sixth Amendment of the Constitution, including the right to pledge with the defendant. The relationship between the right to assist the accused lawyer and the right of the defendant to be tried by jury. The second part deals with the relationship between the compulsory right to take evidence and hearsay evidence rules. The third part expounds how to solve the conflict between the compulsory evidence right and the witness exemption right, and the fourth part introduces how to deal with the contradiction between the compulsory evidence right and the right to oppose self-incrimination. The fourth chapter expounds the reference meaning of the American criminal defendant's compulsory evidence taking right to our country. This chapter is divided into three parts: the first part is a Chinese-style interpretation of the compulsory forensics right in the United States, which objectively analyzes the obstacles in the development of the compulsory forensics right and some shortcomings of the right itself, such as: it is easy to cause time waste and does not have universal applicability. The second part focuses on the law of our country, analyzes the current situation of the provisions of the relevant laws of our country on the compulsory collection of evidence by the defense, and evaluates it. The third part discusses how to draw lessons from the American system, points out five principles that should be paid attention to, and carries out the concrete program design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;DD915.3
本文編號：2180205
[Abstract]:The compulsory right to obtain evidence of a criminal defendant is stipulated in the laws of many countries, among which, this right in the United States is typical both in law and in practice. In this paper, the author takes the compulsory evidence right of the American criminal defendants as the research object, the important jurisprudence of the United States federal court and the state court concerning this right and the academic papers of the scholars as the basic point of the research. This paper introduces the basic content, the development of the case law and the relationship between the right of compulsory evidence collection and the related system in the United States. Finally, from the angle of our country, the author analyzes the compulsory right of the American criminal defendant, and analyzes how to draw lessons from the right of the American criminal defendant. The article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces the concept and value of compulsory forensics. In this chapter, the concept of compulsory forensics right is introduced from the provisions of international conventions on compulsory forensics and the provisions of some national laws on compulsory forensics. From the point of procedural justice, the author analyzes the value of compulsory forensics right from the point of view of truthfulness and improvement of efficiency, which lays a foundation for the later article. The second chapter sums up the elements of compulsory evidence right of American criminal defendants. This chapter is divided into five parts: the first part mainly introduces the scope of application of compulsory forensics right from two angles of space scope and time scope; the second part is the subject of compulsory forensics right, in which the analysis of judges is emphasized. The third part is the object of compulsory evidence right, which focuses on the concept of favorable witness and unfavorable witness, and discusses the scope of forced evidence collection. The fourth part leads to the conditions of the enforcement of the right to obtain evidence with the help of the development of a series of cases. The fifth part summarizes the content of the compulsory right of taking evidence in the two stages of the court trial and the court trial. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the American criminal defendants' compulsory right to obtain evidence and relevant systems. This chapter is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the relationship between the compulsory right to take evidence and the other rights of the accused stipulated in the sixth Amendment of the Constitution, including the right to pledge with the defendant. The relationship between the right to assist the accused lawyer and the right of the defendant to be tried by jury. The second part deals with the relationship between the compulsory right to take evidence and hearsay evidence rules. The third part expounds how to solve the conflict between the compulsory evidence right and the witness exemption right, and the fourth part introduces how to deal with the contradiction between the compulsory evidence right and the right to oppose self-incrimination. The fourth chapter expounds the reference meaning of the American criminal defendant's compulsory evidence taking right to our country. This chapter is divided into three parts: the first part is a Chinese-style interpretation of the compulsory forensics right in the United States, which objectively analyzes the obstacles in the development of the compulsory forensics right and some shortcomings of the right itself, such as: it is easy to cause time waste and does not have universal applicability. The second part focuses on the law of our country, analyzes the current situation of the provisions of the relevant laws of our country on the compulsory collection of evidence by the defense, and evaluates it. The third part discusses how to draw lessons from the American system, points out five principles that should be paid attention to, and carries out the concrete program design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;DD915.3
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