發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-10 10:17

  本文選題：會(huì)審公廨 + 領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 上海公共租界內(nèi)的會(huì)審公廨設(shè)立于1864年,于1928年被中國(guó)政府收回,存在了六十多年。在會(huì)審公廨存續(xù)的六十年的時(shí)間內(nèi),主要行使審判租界內(nèi)一切民事和刑事案件的職能,同時(shí)它還兼理了租界內(nèi)的立法職能和行政管理職能。 本文將從會(huì)審公廨產(chǎn)生的前奏領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)開始探索。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后,西方列強(qiáng)強(qiáng)迫清政府簽訂了一系列不平等條約。這些條約除了規(guī)定將中國(guó)五所城市設(shè)為開放口岸,洋人在這些口岸內(nèi)可以從事經(jīng)營(yíng)、貿(mào)易和旅游等活動(dòng)。隨著領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán)的擴(kuò)張,西方列強(qiáng)要求在口岸內(nèi)劃定特定區(qū)域作為租界。租界內(nèi)設(shè)立工部局作為行使行政權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu)。工部局要求在租界內(nèi)設(shè)立法庭專門審理涉洋案件。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想“非我同族,其心必異”發(fā)揮了作用,清政府也希望“夷人治夷”。于是,成立了專門管理租界內(nèi)訴訟事務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)。這種機(jī)構(gòu)在不同地區(qū)有不同名稱,上海公共租界內(nèi)的稱為會(huì)審公廨,漢口租界內(nèi)的則稱為洋務(wù)公所,廈門的稱為會(huì)審公堂。本文將以上海公共租界會(huì)審公廨為研究對(duì)象,如無特別說明,文中所稱會(huì)審公廨均指上海公共租界內(nèi)的會(huì)審公廨。 文章第二部分將主要關(guān)注于會(huì)審公廨的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置。會(huì)審公廨設(shè)立后,為實(shí)現(xiàn)其司法職能,要求中方和外方分別派員。在一定程度上,其機(jī)構(gòu)和人事編制直接影響會(huì)審公廨職能。中外雙方設(shè)立會(huì)審公廨的目的決定了會(huì)審公廨以司法為主要職能,除此之外,它還承擔(dān)了一定行政和司法職能。 本文第三部分就以會(huì)審公廨的立法職能為研究對(duì)象。作為中國(guó)政府派出官員擔(dān)任主審官的機(jī)構(gòu),會(huì)審公廨的立法,除了自主立法,在設(shè)立初期,也聽命于清政府發(fā)布行政命令。隨著外方在租界內(nèi)擴(kuò)張勢(shì)力的要求,也開始應(yīng)外方要求發(fā)布行政命令。這些行政命令在后來的審判中,都作為審判依據(jù)出現(xiàn)在記錄中。 接下來,本文將重點(diǎn)分析會(huì)審公廨的司法職能。會(huì)審公廨在成立初期,沿襲了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)衙門的特征。在行使司法權(quán)時(shí),包攬了偵查、起訴和檢察等事項(xiàng)。隨著會(huì)審公廨章程修訂,偵查職能開始專由巡捕房行使。在公堂布局和審判程序方面也有了改進(jìn)。西方司法現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)一步滲入。 最后本文將在中國(guó)近代法律現(xiàn)代化的背景下,分析會(huì)審公廨內(nèi)是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)法律現(xiàn)代化的。這個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的過程,既包含了實(shí)體法方面的變化,也包含了程序法方面的變化。會(huì)審公廨雖然只是在租界內(nèi)行使審判權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu),它的法律現(xiàn)代化卻走在了全國(guó)的前面。
[Abstract]:The public concession in the public concession in Shanghai was established in 1864 and was retracted by the Chinese government in 1928 for more than 60 years. During the sixty year period of the conference, it mainly exercised the functions of all civil and criminal cases within the trial concession, and it also took care of the legislative and administrative functions within the concession.
After the Opium War, the Western powers forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, which, in addition to establishing five Chinese cities as open ports, could engage in camps, trade and tourism in these ports. The Western powers need to delimit certain areas as concessions in the ports. The office of the Ministry of work is established as an institution for exercising administrative power in the concession. The Bureau of the Ministry of labour requires the establishment of a court in the concession to hear foreign cases. The traditional Chinese thought has played a role in the "non I ethnic group, the heart must be different", and the Qing government also hopes to "the Yi people to rule the Yi". Yes, it has established an agency that specializes in litigations within the concession. Such institutions have different names in different areas. The public concession in the Shanghai public concession is called the public court, and the Hankou concession is called the foreign affairs office, and the Xiamen is called the auditorium. This article will be studied by the public concession of the Shanghai public concession as an object of study, as described in the article. The joint hearing refers to the joint hearing in the Shanghai public concession.
The second part of the article will mainly focus on the establishment of the institution of the judicial review. After the establishment of the judicial review, the Chinese and foreign parties are required to separate the members of the Chinese and foreign parties in order to realize their judicial functions. To a certain extent, the organization and personnel compilation directly affects the function of the joint trial. Besides its functions, it has also undertaken certain administrative and judicial functions.
The third part of this article is the research object of the legislative function of the public judicial review. As the agency of the Chinese government to serve as the chief judicial officer, the legislature of the Chinese government, in addition to its own legislation, also ordered the Qing government to issue administrative orders in the early days of its establishment. As the foreign party enlargement of the force in the concession, the foreign party also began to request the issuing bank. Administrative orders. These administrative orders appear in the records as the basis for trial in subsequent trials.
Next, this article will focus on the judicial function of the public trial. In the early days of the establishment of the conference, it follows the characteristics of the traditional Chinese government. In the exercise of judicial power, it covers investigations, prosecutions and procuratorial matters. With the revision of the articles of association, the investigative function begins to be exercised by the patrol house. There was an improvement. Western judicial modernization was further infiltrated.
In the end, this article will analyze the modernization of the legal system in the context of modern Chinese legal modernization. The process of modernization includes both the changes in the substantive law and the changes in the procedural law. Although the judicial review is only the institution exercising the jurisdiction in the concession, its legal modernization is yet to be modernized. Go ahead of the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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本文編號(hào)：2113067