本文選題：美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法 + 歷史發(fā)展��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 破產(chǎn)法幾乎是每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的法律體制中不可缺少的組成部分。破產(chǎn)法作為法律的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,可以追溯至羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期。自1800年美國(guó)頒布第一部聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)立法確立破產(chǎn)制度以來(lái),美國(guó)破產(chǎn)制度至今已有兩百多年的發(fā)展歷史,在世界破產(chǎn)法歷史上有重要的影響�；仡櫭绹�(guó)兩百多年破產(chǎn)制度發(fā)展的歷史,可以看出美國(guó)的破產(chǎn)立法與其國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)走向緊密相連。每次破產(chǎn)立法的興廢都與同時(shí)代的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。從1800年頒布第一部破產(chǎn)法開(kāi)始,隨后分別于1841年、1867年、1898年頒布的破產(chǎn)法都有著相同的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景——無(wú)法避免的周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。同樣,這四部破產(chǎn)法的命運(yùn)也隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇而遭到廢止。1978年美國(guó)終于頒布了一部不是為了應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的破產(chǎn)法典,美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法從一開(kāi)始的權(quán)宜之計(jì)變成調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中必不可少的法律。美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法在美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法史上占據(jù)重要地位,研究美國(guó)1978破產(chǎn)法對(duì)于正確、全面地理解美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法律制度,提高我國(guó)破產(chǎn)立法水平,健全我國(guó)破產(chǎn)管理制度,具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義。本文以美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法為研究對(duì)象,重點(diǎn)研究其歷史發(fā)展和基本制度適用情況。全文分為五個(gè)部分: 第一部分前言。內(nèi)容主要涉及本文的寫作目的、研究對(duì)象、研究范圍和一些概念的界定。 第一章美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的歷史演變。對(duì)美國(guó)兩百多年的破產(chǎn)法律發(fā)展進(jìn)行了梳理,以美國(guó)聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)立法由臨時(shí)性的權(quán)宜之計(jì)到最終永久確立作為劃分依據(jù),將美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的歷史發(fā)展劃分成三個(gè)階段:1898年之前的三部破產(chǎn)立法為美國(guó)破產(chǎn)制度的起步階段;1898年之后到1978年之前這段時(shí)間是美國(guó)破產(chǎn)制度的確立階段;從1978年非因經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)原因而首次頒布破產(chǎn)法典作為美國(guó)的破產(chǎn)制度走向成熟發(fā)展階段。通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法歷史發(fā)展的梳理,為研究美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法提供了一個(gè)歷史平臺(tái)基本背景。 第二章1978年破產(chǎn)法。闡述的重點(diǎn)是美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法的法律淵源、制定過(guò)程、基本制度及法律適用。從1968年開(kāi)始,美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)開(kāi)始對(duì)破產(chǎn)制度進(jìn)行改革,經(jīng)過(guò)十年時(shí)間到1978年頒布了破產(chǎn)改革法,廢除了1898年破產(chǎn)法和1938年的坎特勒法,并以美國(guó)聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)法典的形式公布施行。1978年破產(chǎn)法規(guī)定的主要內(nèi)容有:一般條款,結(jié)構(gòu)的定義和規(guī)則(第1章);案件管理(第3章);債權(quán)人、破產(chǎn)債務(wù)人和破產(chǎn)財(cái)團(tuán)(第5章);清算(第7章);市政當(dāng)局債務(wù)的調(diào)整(第9章);重整(第11章);有固定收入的個(gè)人的債務(wù)調(diào)整(第13章)。此外,1978年破產(chǎn)法改進(jìn)了破產(chǎn)案件的行政管理,進(jìn)一步完善和發(fā)展了破產(chǎn)免責(zé)制度和建立了破產(chǎn)法院體系。美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法是在繼承英國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)的,但是,在不斷的發(fā)展變化中,美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法已經(jīng)獨(dú)立形成自己的體系,有自身的特點(diǎn)。其中最具特色的莫過(guò)于美國(guó)破產(chǎn)立法者發(fā)明的現(xiàn)行破產(chǎn)法典中的第11章重整程序、對(duì)破產(chǎn)免責(zé)制度的發(fā)揚(yáng)光大和別具一格的自動(dòng)停止制度。故本文將重點(diǎn)闡述以上三種制度的適用情況。 第三章1978年以后破產(chǎn)法的發(fā)展。1978年破產(chǎn)法的通過(guò)并沒(méi)有停止國(guó)會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)的破產(chǎn)立法行動(dòng),多方面的因素一直鞭策國(guó)會(huì)不停地進(jìn)行聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)立法活動(dòng)。1978年破產(chǎn)改革法施行后,美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法又經(jīng)歷了多次修改。從1984年開(kāi)始一直到2005年一共經(jīng)過(guò)了10次修正案的修改。重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容涉及:第一,國(guó)會(huì)被迫對(duì)最高法院和其他法院做出的判決進(jìn)行回應(yīng)。第二,信貸業(yè),對(duì)于日益增長(zhǎng)的破產(chǎn)案件和那些通過(guò)破產(chǎn)逃債的債務(wù)人的增多,要求出臺(tái)新的修正案來(lái)約束債務(wù)人。第三,20世紀(jì)80年代早期的農(nóng)業(yè)危機(jī)也需要立法對(duì)家庭農(nóng)業(yè)者提供救濟(jì)措施。第四,破產(chǎn)法院出乎意料地成為那些新生復(fù)雜社會(huì)問(wèn)題的討論場(chǎng)所。第五,破產(chǎn)法院審理案件的數(shù)量激增。 最后一部分是余論。在研究美國(guó)1978年破產(chǎn)法的基礎(chǔ)上論文對(duì)美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法進(jìn)行了總結(jié):美國(guó)破產(chǎn)立法與其國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)走向緊密相連;美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法獨(dú)特的破產(chǎn)制度對(duì)世界破產(chǎn)法的發(fā)展起到了引領(lǐng)作用;美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的現(xiàn)實(shí)走向。
[Abstract]:The bankruptcy law is almost an indispensable part of the legal system of every modern country. As a field of law, bankruptcy law can be traced back to the period of the Rome empire. Since the first federal bankruptcy legislation was enacted by the United States in 1800, the bankruptcy system of the United States has been developed for more than 200 years, in the world. The history of the bankruptcy law has an important impact. Reviewing the history of the development of the more than 200 year bankruptcy system in the United States, it can be seen that the bankruptcy legislation of the United States is closely linked to the economic trend of the state. Every bankruptcy legislation is closely related to the economic development of the same times. The first bankruptcy law was promulgated in 1800, followed by 1841, 186, respectively. In the 7 year, the bankruptcy law issued in 1898 had the same economic background - an unavoidable cyclical economic crisis. Similarly, the fate of the four insolvency laws was abolished with the economic recovery of.1978. The United States finally issued a bankruptcy code that was not in response to the economic crisis, and the US Bankruptcy Law changed from the expedient of the beginning. In order to adjust the essential law in economic life, the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States occupies an important position in the history of the bankruptcy law of the United States. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States for the correct, comprehensive understanding of the legal system of the bankruptcy of the United States, the improvement of the level of our bankruptcy legislation and the improvement of the management system of bankruptcy in our country. This article takes the bankruptcy law of the United States in 1978 as the object of study, focusing on its historical development and the application of the basic system. The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is preface, which mainly involves the purpose, object, scope and definition of the thesis.
The first chapter is the historical evolution of the bankruptcy law of the United States. It combs the development of the more than 200 year bankruptcy law in the United States. It takes the United States federal bankruptcy legislation from temporary expediency to the final permanent establishment as the basis for division, and divides the historical development of the American bankruptcy law into three stages: the three bankruptcy legislation before 1898 is the United States Bankruptcy System. The initial stage of the degree; the period from 1898 to 1978 was the establishment stage of the American bankruptcy system; the bankruptcy code of the United States was first promulgated as a mature development stage from the non economic crisis in 1978. By combing the history of the bankruptcy law of the United States, a study of the bankruptcy law of the United States in 1978 was provided. The basic background of a historical platform.
The second chapter of the bankruptcy law in 1978, focusing on the legal origin of the bankruptcy law in the United States in 1978, the formulation process, the basic system and the application of the law. Since 1968, the United States Congress began to reform the bankruptcy system. After ten years to 1978, it promulgated the bankruptcy reform law, abolished the bankruptcy law of 1898 and Kanter in 1938. The form of the federal insolvency code is published in the form of the.1978 Insolvency Law: general terms, definitions and rules of structure (chapter first); case management (third); creditors, bankruptcy debtors and bankruptcy consortia (fifth chapters); liquidation (seventh); adjustment of municipal debt (ninth chapters); eleventh chapters); individuals with fixed income The debt adjustment (thirteenth chapter). In addition, in 1978, the bankruptcy law improved the administration of bankruptcy cases, further improved and developed the bankruptcy exemption system and the establishment of the bankruptcy court system. The American bankruptcy law was developed on the basis of the succession of the British bankruptcy law. However, in the continuous development and changes, the United States Bankruptcy Law has been independent. It has its own system, which has its own characteristics. The most distinctive of which is the eleventh chapter reorganization procedure in the current bankruptcy code invented by the US bankruptcy lawmakers, the development of the insolvency exemption system and the unique automatic stop system. Therefore, this article will focus on the application of the above three systems.
After the third chapter of the 1978 bankruptcy law, the adoption of the bankruptcy law in.1978 did not stop Congress from continuing to carry on the relevant bankruptcy legislative action. Many factors have been whip the Congress to carry out the federal bankruptcy legislation for.1978 insolvency reform law. The United States Bankruptcy Law has undergone many revisions. Since 1984, it has been the beginning of the law. By 2005, a total of 10 amendments had been amended. The focus was on: first, Congress was forced to respond to decisions made by the Supreme Court and other courts. Second, the credit industry, the increasing number of bankruptcy cases and the increase of debtors through bankruptcy, required a new amendment to bind the debtors. Third, 20 The agricultural crisis in the early 80s of the 80s also needed legislation to provide relief to family farmers. Fourth, the bankruptcy court unexpectedly became a discussion place for the new and complex social problems. Fifth, the number of cases in the bankruptcy court has surged.
The last part is Yu. On the basis of the study of the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States, the paper summarizes the American Bankruptcy Law: the bankruptcy legislation of the United States is closely connected with the economic trend of the state; the unique bankruptcy system of the American bankruptcy law has played a leading role in the development of the world bankruptcy law; the realistic trend of the American bankruptcy law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.29

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本文編號(hào)：1961729