本文選題：貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助 + 自由貿(mào)易��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文旨在介紹應(yīng)對貿(mào)易自由化而產(chǎn)生的貿(mào)易救濟制度——貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度,該制度的目的在于救濟國內(nèi)因進口產(chǎn)品沖擊而受損害的工人、企業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè),其實施對保護國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)免受進口影響進而促進貿(mào)易自由化起到了很好的作用。與一般的貿(mào)易救濟制度不同,貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度主要著眼于調(diào)整而非僅限于救濟,即其所提供的援助是為受進口沖擊的工人、企業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整以恢復(fù)其競爭力。 美國的貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度正是上述宗旨之下,為應(yīng)對美國自由貿(mào)易政策尤其是GATT項下協(xié)議的簽訂而訂立的,該制度實施以來,為數(shù)以萬計的工人、企業(yè)、農(nóng)民提供了援助,為工人重新獲得工作崗位、企業(yè)恢復(fù)競爭力、產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整過渡提供了良好的保障。因此,盡管該制度在設(shè)立之初惹來不少非議,美國歷屆政府都不遺余力地完善該制度,現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)奧巴馬實施的2009年《美國經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇和再投資法案》占用大量篇幅對該制度進行了新的改革和完善。本文重點在于通過對美國工人貿(mào)易援助項目和企業(yè)TAA項目,以探索其對我國當(dāng)前貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助立法的借鑒意義；美國TAA制度除工人和企業(yè)TAA項目外,還包括農(nóng)民和社區(qū)TAA項目,我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)業(yè)TAA項目對我國來講意義非凡,但限于篇幅和精力,本文只對農(nóng)業(yè)TAA項目做簡略介紹,以后有機會將對農(nóng)業(yè)TAA項目做更加深入的研究和探索。 我國目前正處于不斷擴大貿(mào)易自由化的階段,入世及參與自由貿(mào)易同盟使得我國的進出口貿(mào)易在數(shù)量和范圍上都有了突破性的進展,進口貿(mào)易的發(fā)展更是前所未有地迅猛,進口依存度逐年以較大幅度提高；但自由貿(mào)易也是一把雙刃劍,其對我國經(jīng)濟的負(fù)面作用已經(jīng)通過部分產(chǎn)業(yè)或行業(yè)所遭受的沖擊展現(xiàn)出來,而我國目前的貿(mào)易救濟制度主要著眼于“攘外”,極少涉及到如何“安內(nèi)”即對國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)進行直接的救濟——WTO《保障措施協(xié)定》鼓勵在遭受進口沖擊的情況下對國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)進行調(diào)整�；诖�,本文大膽設(shè)想借鑒美國貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度,在我國現(xiàn)行貿(mào)易救濟制度的框架下,逐步建立我國貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度。但本文所構(gòu)想的我國貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度實為對企業(yè)的貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度,且為借鑒美國立法所得,僅為拋磚引玉,為各位學(xué)者研究本課題提供些微淺薄之見。 需要說明的是,本文定稿之際,適逢2009年《美國復(fù)蘇與再投資法案》(其大部分條款將于2009年5月18日生效)出臺,該法案對美國貿(mào)易調(diào)整援助制度進行了大幅度改革,筆者依該法案對論文進行了相應(yīng)的修改,本文中介紹的美國貿(mào)易援助調(diào)整制度即為2009年修訂后的制度。但因時間倉促,恐有未及改正之處,審閱者如能指出,定加以改進,謹(jǐn)表謝意!
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to introduce the trade relief system-Trade Adjustment Assistance system, which is designed to help workers, enterprises and industries in the country who have been damaged by the impact of imported products. Its implementation has played a good role in protecting domestic industries from import and thus promoting trade liberalization. Different from the general trade relief system, the trade adjustment aid system is mainly focused on adjustment, not limited to relief, that is, the aid it provides is for workers, enterprises and industries affected by imports to adjust to restore their competitiveness. The U.S. Trade Adjustment Assistance system was established to deal with the signing of the US free trade policy, especially the agreement under GATT. Since its implementation, the system has provided assistance to tens of thousands of workers, enterprises, and farmers. For workers to regain jobs, enterprises to restore competitiveness, industrial restructuring to provide a good guarantee. Therefore, despite the criticism that the system attracted at the beginning of its establishment, successive United States administrations have spared no effort to improve the system. Current President Barack Obama's 2009 U.S. Economic recovery and Reinvestment Act takes a lot of space to reform and improve the system. This paper focuses on the American Workers Aid for Trade Program and the Enterprise TAA Project to explore its reference significance for the current legislation of China's Trade Adjustment Assistance. In addition to the TAA program for workers and enterprises, the TAA system of the United States also includes the TAA Project for Farmers and Communities. China is a large agricultural country, the agricultural TAA project is of great significance to our country, but limited to space and energy, this paper only briefly introduces the agricultural TAA project, and will have the opportunity to do more in-depth research and exploration on the agricultural TAA project in the future. At present, China is in the stage of expanding trade liberalization. China's import and export trade has made a breakthrough progress in quantity and scope, and the development of import trade is more and more rapid than ever before. The degree of import dependence has been greatly increased year by year, but free trade is also a double-edged sword. Its negative effect on China's economy has been manifested through the impact on some industries or industries. However, the current trade relief system of our country is mainly focused on "hustle and bustle". There is very little concern about how to provide direct relief to domestic industries, that is, the WTO Agreement on safeguard measures encourages the adjustment of domestic industries in the event of import shocks. Based on this, this paper boldly envisions the establishment of China's trade adjustment aid system under the framework of China's current trade relief system by drawing lessons from the United States' trade adjustment aid system. However, the trade adjustment aid system conceived in this paper is actually the trade adjustment aid system for enterprises, and for the reference of American legislation, it is only to offer some shallow opinions for scholars to study this subject. It should be noted that as this article is being finalized, it coincides with the 2009 recovery and Reinvestment Act, most of which will come into effect on May 18, 2009, which has substantially reformed the United States Trade Adjustment Assistance system. According to this Act, the author has revised the thesis accordingly. The American Aid for Trade Adjustment system introduced in this paper is the revised system in 2009. However, due to the lack of time, there may not be any correction, if the reviewer can point out, will improve, I would like to express my gratitude!
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2

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