本文選題：日本 + 環(huán)境訴訟　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：日本環(huán)境訴訟制度基本上分為行政訴訟制度和民事訴訟制度兩大部分,在過去的環(huán)境二元立法體制之下,學(xué)者們多從環(huán)境保護(hù)訴訟和公害訴訟兩個(gè)角度來研究,現(xiàn)在趨于統(tǒng)一。其發(fā)展過程可以分為公害訴訟期、環(huán)境保護(hù)訴訟期、環(huán)境權(quán)訴訟期三個(gè)階段,嚴(yán)重的公害問題、法律群體和社會各界的廣泛參與和美國的影響促成了其發(fā)展完善。日本環(huán)境訴訟制度具有公益性、超前性、復(fù)雜性等特點(diǎn),在日本的社會生活中起著重要的作用。 日本環(huán)境民事訴訟制度中,最具特色的是其原告適格、訴訟請求、證明責(zé)任減輕制度。適格的原告是提起訴訟的前提,圍繞這一問題,日本有紛爭管理權(quán)說、任意擔(dān)當(dāng)說、選定擬制說等理論。訴訟請求的范圍是法院審理的范圍,在實(shí)踐中形成了包括一律請求、差止請求、將來請求等模式。證明責(zé)任問題是確定案件勝負(fù)的關(guān)鍵,裁判所創(chuàng)立了蓋然性說、疫學(xué)因果關(guān)系說、間接反證法等減輕受害人證明責(zé)任的方法。 日本環(huán)境行政訴訟主要表現(xiàn)為取消訴訟、科以義務(wù)的訴訟、居民訴訟、國家賠償訴訟等形式,最能體現(xiàn)環(huán)境行政訴訟制度的特點(diǎn)的是取消訴訟,同時(shí)他也是日本被利用最多的環(huán)境行政訴訟形式,所以,本文重點(diǎn)介紹了取消訴訟。日本取消訴訟中,分為要件審查和實(shí)體審查兩部分,要件審查主要審查原告的起訴是不是符合起訴的條件,主要包括被訴的行政行為是否具備處分性,原告是否適格,與訴訟是否存在利益關(guān)系。實(shí)體審查中主要審查其認(rèn)定事實(shí)和使用法律的正確性。最能體現(xiàn)行政訴訟特征的是對裁量行為的審查,日本行政訴訟的原則也是合法性審查,但是當(dāng)行政機(jī)關(guān)的行為明顯超越裁量權(quán)時(shí),裁判所適用《行政事件訴訟法》第30條的規(guī)定,以該行政行為濫用職權(quán)為由予以取消。 針對我國環(huán)境訴訟中存在的問題,完善我國的環(huán)境訴訟制度,通過研究日本環(huán)境訴訟制度能夠帶給我們的啟示主要包括,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大原告的范圍,完善訴訟請求制度,落實(shí)舉證責(zé)任倒置形成的原告證明責(zé)任減輕的具體措施,拓寬行政訴訟的受案范圍。
[Abstract]:Japan's environmental litigation system is basically divided into two parts: administrative litigation system and civil litigation system. In the past, under the dual environmental legislation system, scholars mostly studied from two angles of environmental protection litigation and pollution litigation, and now they tend to be unified. Its development process can be divided into three stages: public hazard litigation period, environmental protection litigation period, environmental right litigation period, serious public hazard problems, the extensive participation of legal groups and all walks of life and the influence of the United States to promote its development and perfection. Japanese environmental litigation system has the characteristics of public welfare, advance and complexity, and plays an important role in Japanese social life. In Japan's environmental civil litigation system, the most characteristic is its plaintiff's qualification, litigation request, burden of proof mitigation system. The suitably plaintiff is the premise of bringing a lawsuit. Around this issue, Japan has theories such as dispute management right theory, arbitrary assumption theory, selected fictitious theory, and so on. The scope of litigation request is the scope of court hearing. In practice, it forms a pattern of uniform motion, difference request, future request and so on. The problem of burden of proof is the key to determine the success or failure of the case. The referee has established the theory of inevitability, the theory of causality of epidemic science, the method of indirect counter-proof, and so on, which can reduce the burden of proof of the victim. Japan's environmental administrative litigation is mainly manifested in the cancellation of litigation. In the form of compulsory litigation, residents' action, and state compensation action, the most characteristic of the environmental administrative litigation system is the cancellation action. At the same time, he is also the most used form of environmental administrative litigation in Japan. In Japan's cancellation lawsuit, it is divided into two parts: the examination of elements and the examination of entity. The examination of the elements mainly examines whether the plaintiff's suit meets the conditions of prosecution, mainly including whether the administrative act of the accused has the nature of disposition, and whether the plaintiff is fit for the case. Whether or not there is an interest in litigation. In the entity examination, it mainly reviews the correctness of the facts and the use of the law. What most embodies the characteristics of administrative litigation is the examination of discretion. The principle of Japanese administrative litigation is also legality review. However, when the administrative organs' actions obviously exceed the discretion, The provisions of Article 30 of the Administrative incident procedure Law applied by the referee were cancelled on the grounds of the abuse of power by the administrative act. In view of the problems existing in the environmental litigation in our country, to perfect the environmental litigation system of our country, by studying the environmental litigation system in Japan, the enlightenment that can bring us mainly includes, further expanding the scope of the plaintiff, perfecting the system of litigation request. Carry out the concrete measures to lighten the burden of proof of the plaintiff formed by the inversion of the burden of proof, and widen the scope of accepting cases in administrative litigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D931.3;DD912.6;DD915

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉樂;論環(huán)境犯罪中嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的適用[D];中國政法大學(xué);2011年

2 谷丹;論環(huán)境民事侵權(quán)訴訟中的證明責(zé)任之分配[D];中國政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1839403