本文選題：見義勇為　切入點(diǎn)：人性　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 見義勇為作為一種高尚的行為,一直被視為我們民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,從古至今,無數(shù)的義勇之士,用他們的實(shí)際行動(dòng)譜寫著許許多多可歌可泣、慷慨激昂的正氣之歌,為這個(gè)義舉做了完美的詮釋。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,文明的進(jìn)步,法制的健全,見義勇為行為納入到了法律的領(lǐng)域之內(nèi),各地的見義勇為立法就是一個(gè)很好的證明,但是現(xiàn)有的地方立法并沒有妥善解決這個(gè)重要問題。因此,很多法律學(xué)者開始從諸多方面探尋解決見義勇為的相關(guān)問題,例如刑法、民法和法理等角度,且其中有些討論是很深刻、有力的。但是,我們認(rèn)為這些討論還沒能真正抓住這一現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì),作為一個(gè)在道義上備受贊譽(yù),而法律中卻無法切實(shí)保護(hù)好的行為,自然就引起了我們對(duì)道德與法律關(guān)系的問題思索,因此,我們從一個(gè)新的角度——法倫理學(xué)角度來討論見義勇為問題,或許更能有所發(fā)現(xiàn)與突破,這也是本文寫作的緣由。法倫理學(xué)作為一門邊緣學(xué)科,它主要探討法律與人性的關(guān)系問題、法律與道德的關(guān)系等問題。雖然這兩個(gè)問題都是幾千年來爭論不休,且沒有答案的問題,但是我們?nèi)匀贿x擇它們作為入口,用自己的路徑給以回答,期望得出的結(jié)論能對(duì)目前的現(xiàn)狀有所助益。 全文共分六個(gè)部分。第一部分通過列舉有關(guān)孟祥斌的案例,提出見義勇為這個(gè)話題,并針對(duì)案例對(duì)現(xiàn)行見義勇為立法提出疑問;第二部分對(duì)古今中外見義勇為立法進(jìn)行歷史考察,并給予對(duì)比分析;第三部分是本文的重點(diǎn)所在,從理論上對(duì)見義勇為立法的合理依據(jù)進(jìn)行論述,分為兩個(gè)問題討論:第一個(gè)問題,論述法律與人性的關(guān)系。先從人性開始,介紹了人性善論、人性惡論,以及人性亦善亦惡論,并選擇了人性亦善亦惡論,再強(qiáng)調(diào)立法要尊重人的亦善亦惡性;第二個(gè)問題,論述道德與法律的關(guān)系。先從法律生成開始,提出法律源于道德,再講到道德的界分問題,提出“大道德”與“小道德”之分,接下來論述的是道德法律化及其限制的問題,道德法律化的限制蘊(yùn)含著法律對(duì)某些道德行為要加強(qiáng)保護(hù)。第四部分依據(jù)前一部分所提到的法倫理學(xué)理論,提出現(xiàn)今見義勇為立法所存在的三個(gè)問題;第五部分是對(duì)現(xiàn)行見義勇為立法的完善。依據(jù)之前的理論及主張,我們認(rèn)為首先要在保留現(xiàn)有地方立法的基礎(chǔ)上制定全國統(tǒng)一的見義勇為立法;其次,要在立法中要降低人性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的設(shè)定,即重新給見義勇為進(jìn)行定義;最后就是要在法律中設(shè)置合理的激勵(lì)制度,真正保護(hù)好見義勇為者的應(yīng)有利益。第六部分是本文的結(jié)語,再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了本文寫作意義,以及對(duì)一些未盡事宜進(jìn)行了說明。
[Abstract]:Courage for good, as a noble act, has always been regarded as the traditional virtue of our nation. From ancient times to this day, countless brave men have written many songs of righteousness and impassioned righteousness with their actual actions. With the development of the society, the progress of civilization, the perfection of the legal system, the act of being brave for good has been brought into the realm of the law. The legislation of the righteous and brave in various places is a very good proof. However, the existing local legislation has not properly solved this important issue. Therefore, many legal scholars have begun to explore and solve the relevant issues of courage in doing justice from many aspects, such as criminal law, civil law and legal theory, and so on. And some of these discussions are deep and powerful, but we think they haven't really grasped the nature of the phenomenon as a morally acclaimed act that the law can't really protect. Naturally, we think about the relationship between morality and law, so perhaps we can find and break through from a new angle of view of legal ethics. This is the reason why this paper is written. As a marginal subject, legal ethics mainly discusses the relationship between law and human nature, the relationship between law and morality, and so on. Although these two issues have been debated for thousands of years, And there are no answers to the questions, but we still choose them as the entry point and answer them with our own path. We hope that the conclusions will be helpful to the present situation. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part puts forward the topic of righteous bravery by enumerating the cases of Meng Xiangbin and questioning the current legislation of righteous bravery in view of the cases. In the second part, the author makes a historical investigation on the legislation of righteous bravery in ancient and modern times, and gives a comparative analysis. The third part is the focus of this paper, which theoretically discusses the reasonable basis of the legislation of righteous courage. First, the relationship between law and human nature. First, it introduces the theory of human nature, the theory of human nature and evil, and the theory of good and evil of human nature, and chooses the theory of human nature as well as good and evil. The second issue is to discuss the relationship between morality and law. Starting with the formation of law, the author puts forward that the law originates from morality, and then on the boundary of morality. This paper puts forward the distinction between "big morality" and "small morality", and then discusses the legalization of morality and its limitation. The limitation of moral legalization implies that the law should strengthen the protection of certain moral behaviors. Part 4th, according to the theory of legal ethics mentioned in the previous part, puts forward three problems existing in the legislation of righteous courage; The 5th part is the perfection of the current legislation on righteous courage. Based on the previous theories and opinions, we believe that first of all, we should formulate a unified national legislation on the basis of retaining existing local legislation; secondly, In order to set down the standard of human nature in the legislation, that is, to redefine the act of righteous bravery; finally, to set up a reasonable incentive system in the law to really protect the due interests of those who are brave enough to do so. Part 6th is the conclusion of this article. Once again, it emphasizes the significance of this paper and explains some outstanding issues.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D90-053

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