本文關鍵詞： 中國古代 瀆職犯罪 科舉制 《唐律疏議》　出處：《黑龍江大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 在中國傳統(tǒng)法律文化中,歷朝歷代的刑律在懲治和預防職務犯罪上都有明確的規(guī)定,為了厘清我國古代瀆職犯罪形式的發(fā)展變化和法律的演變歷史進程,本文從最早記載法律制度的《尚書》開始,探尋我國對瀆職犯罪的開端,并對歷代瀆職犯罪的罪與罰及立法活動進行了梳理。 《尚書》是記載我國法律制度的最早的一部史書,記載了傳說的堯舜禹時期到西周穆王時期的有關法律制度,其中有諸多關于打擊瀆職犯罪的法律內容�？梢哉f,古代瀆職犯罪的刑名與刑罰皆源于《尚書》。而且,根據(jù)《尚書》的記載,夏商西周是中國古代瀆職犯罪的起源。 在秦漢時期,由于選官制度的不同,對于官吏的瀆職行為的認定與打擊力度較前代更為強勁,在廢除“世卿世祿制”的同時,也廢除了“禮不下庶人,刑不上大夫”的優(yōu)待貴族官僚的法律特權,同時,反瀆職犯罪的立法在這一時期獲得了進一步的發(fā)展。 在唐明清時期,較之于世襲、薦舉等選官制度,科舉制是至善至美的、公平、公開及公正的選舉職官的方法,其改變了世卿世祿的血緣選官法和舉薦的門閥士族制度。與此相適應,打擊瀆職犯罪的立法獲得了進一步的完善�！短坡墒枳h》為歷代封建法典之大成,為前承秦漢,下啟宋元明清的封建法制的恢宏巨制,是研究瀆職犯罪不可缺少的篇章;大明律則是朱元璋三十年的統(tǒng)治經驗“日久而慮精,一代法使定”①,與唐律相比,大明律在立法精神上和立法體系上為之一變,并影響著有清一代的立法格局,成為打擊瀆職犯罪最有價值的法典之一。 通過對歷代典型法典關于瀆職犯罪的考察,本文總結出歷史上瀆職犯罪的特點,即古代懲治瀆職犯罪的法制演進歷程是從對事到對官吏職守的歷程,對瀆職犯罪打擊的范圍具有廣泛性,對瀆職犯罪打擊體現(xiàn)日趨嚴厲的趨勢,注重打擊瀆職犯罪的制度建設等。而且,通過對中國古代瀆職犯罪的梳理與分析,并與當今我國相關的法律規(guī)定進行比較,本文對歷代瀆職犯罪研究的啟示是:對瀆職犯罪,應以預防為主,打擊為輔;加強對公務人員的思想道德和職業(yè)倫理教育;完善打擊瀆職犯罪的法律體系,并進一步強化權力的監(jiān)督機制。
[Abstract]:In China's traditional legal culture, the criminal laws of successive dynasties have clear provisions in punishing and preventing job-related crimes. In order to clarify the development and changes of the forms of dereliction of duty in ancient China and the historical process of the evolution of the law, This article begins with the earliest record of the legal system, explores the beginning of the crime of dereliction of duty in our country, and combs the crime, punishment and legislation of dereliction of duty in the past dynasties. "Shang Shu" is the earliest historical book to record the legal system of our country. It records the legends of the relevant legal systems from the period of Yao, Shun and Yu to King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in which there are many legal contents on cracking down on the crime of dereliction of duty. The criminal name and penalty of the crime of dereliction of duty in ancient times were derived from Shangshu. Moreover, according to the record of Shang Shu, Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties were the origin of the crime of dereliction of duty in ancient China. In the Qin and Han dynasties, due to the difference of the system of selecting officials, the determination and attack of official malfeasance was stronger than that of the previous generation. At the same time, the legislation against dereliction of duty gained further development in this period. In the Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examination system was the most beautiful, fair, open and fair method of electing officials, compared with hereditary, recommended and elected officials. It changed the law of selecting officials by blood and the system of recommending the master of the family. In accordance with this, the legislation against dereliction of duty was further consummated. The Tang Law was a great achievement of the feudal codes of the past dynasties, and it was the predecessor of the Qin and Han dynasties. The grand system of feudal legal system in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties is an indispensable chapter to study the crime of dereliction of duty. The law of Daming changed in the spirit of legislation and the legislative system, and influenced the legislative pattern of Qing Dynasty, and became one of the most valuable codes to combat the crime of dereliction of duty. This paper summarizes the characteristics of dereliction of duty in history, that is, the legal evolution course of punishing dereliction of duty in ancient times is from right to official's duty, through the investigation of the typical codes of the past dynasties on dereliction of duty, this paper summarizes the characteristics of dereliction of duty in history. The scope of cracking down on dereliction of duty is extensive, the strike against dereliction of duty reflects the increasingly severe trend, and the system construction of combating dereliction of duty is emphasized. Moreover, through combing and analyzing the dereliction of duty crime in ancient China, Compared with the relevant laws and regulations of our country today, the enlightenment of this paper to the study of dereliction of duty crime in the past dynasties is: prevention should be given priority to, attack should be secondary, ideological, moral and professional ethics education for public servants should be strengthened. Improve the legal system to combat dereliction of duty, and further strengthen the power of the supervision mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;D924.393

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 王瑞蕾;宋代官吏瀆職犯罪與懲治研究[D];河北大學;2011年

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本文編號：1555331