偵查假設(shè)與歸納接受理論
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-22 09:02
【摘要】： 列寧曾言“任何科學(xué)都是應(yīng)用邏輯”,可見邏輯在人類社會(huì)實(shí)踐中具有非常廣泛的意義。但任何一個(gè)領(lǐng)域中邏輯的運(yùn)用都有各自的要求與側(cè)重點(diǎn),偵查假設(shè)是科學(xué)假說(shuō)與偵查工作實(shí)踐相結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的新的應(yīng)用理論。偵查假設(shè)作為偵查邏輯學(xué)研究的主要內(nèi)容,對(duì)于偵查破案具有十分重要的意義,偵查辦案的過(guò)程中,偵查假設(shè)作為偵查思維的基本方式,為偵查活動(dòng)指明方向、指出具體的偵查步驟并促進(jìn)偵查工作的發(fā)展和深化。可以說(shuō),案件偵查工作的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都離不開偵查假設(shè),也正是偵查假設(shè)這根思維的鏈條,才將案件偵查工作的各個(gè)方面和每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)連接成為一個(gè)整體。由此可見,偵查假設(shè)的運(yùn)用貫穿于案件偵查工作的始終。 本文結(jié)合歸納接受的相關(guān)理論,分析了偵查假設(shè)從提出到最終被接受為偵查結(jié)論的整個(gè)過(guò)程,著重分析了偵查假設(shè)的實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn),以期推動(dòng)偵查假設(shè)的理論研究,為偵查假設(shè)在實(shí)踐中的接受提供可靠的理論支撐,指導(dǎo)偵查實(shí)踐。本文分為三個(gè)部分: 第一部分:偵查假設(shè)概述,從偵查假設(shè)的涵義入手,在對(duì)科學(xué)假說(shuō)界定的基礎(chǔ)上提出了偵查假設(shè)的涵義,介紹了偵查假設(shè)的理論基礎(chǔ);重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用案例分析法介紹了建立偵查假設(shè)的步驟與方法,最后提出了建立偵查假設(shè)的邏輯要求:力求所依據(jù)事實(shí)材料的可靠性、提出的偵查假設(shè)應(yīng)全面完整,以及形成的初步假定要有一定的證明力,能夠解釋有關(guān)的案件事實(shí)等。 第二部分:歸納接受理論,由概率接受規(guī)則與亨佩爾條件導(dǎo)致的博彩悖論開始討論,對(duì)解決這一悖論的代表性觀點(diǎn)予以詳細(xì)論述:凱伯格主張保留概率接受規(guī)則,對(duì)亨佩爾條件予以限制;而欣迪卡和希爾皮南主張保留亨佩爾條件而對(duì)概率接受規(guī)則予以限制;萊維則主張放棄單純的概率接受規(guī)則,把假說(shuō)的接受問(wèn)題看成是一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)型的決策問(wèn)題。筆者比較贊同萊維的接受理論,因?yàn)槿R維作為邏輯實(shí)用主義者,倡導(dǎo)局部歸納思想,把歸納接受問(wèn)題視為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)型認(rèn)知決策問(wèn)題,為歸納邏輯的研究拓寬了思路。 第三部分:偵查假設(shè)的實(shí)踐接受,此部分是本文的重點(diǎn),也是本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閷?shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),偵查假設(shè)作為一種對(duì)案情的認(rèn)識(shí),其真理性如何,檢驗(yàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也只能是實(shí)踐,偵查假設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)怎樣的實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)而被人們所接受,是研究偵查假設(shè)理論的核心問(wèn)題。此部分探討了歸納接受理論在偵查實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用,重點(diǎn)論述了偵查假設(shè)的驗(yàn)證過(guò)程,分析了偵查假設(shè)被接受上升為偵查結(jié)論實(shí)現(xiàn)破案目標(biāo)的整個(gè)過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Lenin once said that "any science is applied logic". It can be seen that logic is of great significance in the practice of human society. However, the application of logic in any field has its own requirements and emphasis, and the investigation hypothesis is a new application theory produced by the combination of scientific hypothesis and investigation practice. Investigation hypothesis, as the main content of investigation logic research, is of great significance for investigation and case solving. In the process of investigation and handling of cases, investigation hypothesis, as the basic way of investigation thinking, points out the direction for investigation activities, points out specific investigation steps and promotes the development and deepening of investigation work. It can be said that every link of the case investigation work can not be separated from the investigation hypothesis, which is the chain of thinking of the investigation hypothesis, which connects all aspects of the case investigation work and each link into a whole. Thus it can be seen that the application of investigation hypothesis runs through the investigation of cases from beginning to end. Based on the relevant theories of induction and acceptance, this paper analyzes the whole process of the investigation hypothesis from being put forward to the final acceptance as the investigation conclusion, and focuses on the practical test of the investigation hypothesis, in order to promote the theoretical research of the investigation hypothesis, provide reliable theoretical support for the acceptance of the investigation hypothesis in practice, and guide the investigation practice. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part: an overview of the investigation hypothesis, starting with the meaning of the investigation hypothesis, on the basis of defining the scientific hypothesis, puts forward the meaning of the investigation hypothesis, and introduces the theoretical basis of the investigation hypothesis; This paper mainly introduces the steps and methods of establishing the investigation hypothesis by using the case analysis method, and finally puts forward the logical requirements for the establishment of the investigation hypothesis: strive for the reliability of the factual materials, the proposed investigation hypothesis should be comprehensive and complete, and the preliminary assumptions should have a certain degree of proof, which can explain the facts of the relevant cases, and so on. In the second part, the theory of acceptance is summarized, and the betting paradox caused by probability acceptance rule and Hempel condition is discussed in detail, and the representative point of view to solve this paradox is discussed in detail: Keberger advocates retaining probability acceptance rule and limiting Hempel condition, while Hindika and Hipinan advocate retaining Hempel condition and limiting probability acceptance rule. Levi advocates abandoning the simple probability acceptance rule and treating the acceptance problem of hypothesis as a risky decision-making problem. The author agrees with Levi's acceptance theory, because Levy, as a logical pragmatist, advocates the idea of local induction and regards the problem of inductive acceptance as a risk cognitive decision-making problem, which broadens the train of thought for the study of inductive logic. The third part: the practical acceptance of investigation hypothesis, this part is the focus of this paper, but also the innovation and difficulty of this paper. Because practice is the only criterion to test the truth, the investigation hypothesis, as a kind of understanding of the case, the standard of examination can only be the practice. What kind of practical test should the investigation hypothesis be accepted by people is the core issue in the study of the investigation hypothesis theory. This part discusses the application of inductive acceptance theory in investigation practice, focuses on the verification process of investigation hypothesis, and analyzes the whole process of the acceptance of investigation hypothesis as the conclusion of investigation to achieve the goal of solving the case.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D918
本文編號(hào)：2504432
[Abstract]:Lenin once said that "any science is applied logic". It can be seen that logic is of great significance in the practice of human society. However, the application of logic in any field has its own requirements and emphasis, and the investigation hypothesis is a new application theory produced by the combination of scientific hypothesis and investigation practice. Investigation hypothesis, as the main content of investigation logic research, is of great significance for investigation and case solving. In the process of investigation and handling of cases, investigation hypothesis, as the basic way of investigation thinking, points out the direction for investigation activities, points out specific investigation steps and promotes the development and deepening of investigation work. It can be said that every link of the case investigation work can not be separated from the investigation hypothesis, which is the chain of thinking of the investigation hypothesis, which connects all aspects of the case investigation work and each link into a whole. Thus it can be seen that the application of investigation hypothesis runs through the investigation of cases from beginning to end. Based on the relevant theories of induction and acceptance, this paper analyzes the whole process of the investigation hypothesis from being put forward to the final acceptance as the investigation conclusion, and focuses on the practical test of the investigation hypothesis, in order to promote the theoretical research of the investigation hypothesis, provide reliable theoretical support for the acceptance of the investigation hypothesis in practice, and guide the investigation practice. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part: an overview of the investigation hypothesis, starting with the meaning of the investigation hypothesis, on the basis of defining the scientific hypothesis, puts forward the meaning of the investigation hypothesis, and introduces the theoretical basis of the investigation hypothesis; This paper mainly introduces the steps and methods of establishing the investigation hypothesis by using the case analysis method, and finally puts forward the logical requirements for the establishment of the investigation hypothesis: strive for the reliability of the factual materials, the proposed investigation hypothesis should be comprehensive and complete, and the preliminary assumptions should have a certain degree of proof, which can explain the facts of the relevant cases, and so on. In the second part, the theory of acceptance is summarized, and the betting paradox caused by probability acceptance rule and Hempel condition is discussed in detail, and the representative point of view to solve this paradox is discussed in detail: Keberger advocates retaining probability acceptance rule and limiting Hempel condition, while Hindika and Hipinan advocate retaining Hempel condition and limiting probability acceptance rule. Levi advocates abandoning the simple probability acceptance rule and treating the acceptance problem of hypothesis as a risky decision-making problem. The author agrees with Levi's acceptance theory, because Levy, as a logical pragmatist, advocates the idea of local induction and regards the problem of inductive acceptance as a risk cognitive decision-making problem, which broadens the train of thought for the study of inductive logic. The third part: the practical acceptance of investigation hypothesis, this part is the focus of this paper, but also the innovation and difficulty of this paper. Because practice is the only criterion to test the truth, the investigation hypothesis, as a kind of understanding of the case, the standard of examination can only be the practice. What kind of practical test should the investigation hypothesis be accepted by people is the core issue in the study of the investigation hypothesis theory. This part discusses the application of inductive acceptance theory in investigation practice, focuses on the verification process of investigation hypothesis, and analyzes the whole process of the acceptance of investigation hypothesis as the conclusion of investigation to achieve the goal of solving the case.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D918
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