【摘要】：隨著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的法醫(yī)DNA分型技術(shù)的成熟，計(jì)算機(jī)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的不斷完善，DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)也得到了極大的發(fā)展。我國(guó)公安DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是將DNA多態(tài)性分析技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸技術(shù)和大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理技術(shù)相結(jié)合而建立的，對(duì)各類(lèi)案件現(xiàn)場(chǎng)法醫(yī)物證檢材和違法犯罪人員樣本的DNA分型數(shù)據(jù)及相關(guān)的案件信息或人員信息進(jìn)行計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程快速比對(duì)和查詢(xún)的數(shù)據(jù)共享信息系統(tǒng)。我國(guó)公安DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)自2005年開(kāi)始投入運(yùn)行以來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)近十年的發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)容量迅速增大，破案效益不斷增強(qiáng)，截止2013年8月31日，，DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)總量達(dá)到2242.2萬(wàn)條，數(shù)據(jù)總量穩(wěn)居世界第一位；2012年直接認(rèn)定刑事案件涉案人員數(shù)和案件數(shù)分別為8.9萬(wàn)人、9.3萬(wàn)起；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生物物證DNA信息入庫(kù)比中率達(dá)到23.59%，違法犯罪人員DNA信息入庫(kù)比中率達(dá)到1.41%。DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)成為公安機(jī)關(guān)在動(dòng)態(tài)化、信息化條件下適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代警務(wù)新要求，精確高效打擊犯罪，維護(hù)司法公正，化解社會(huì)矛盾的重要科技支撐。但是，隨著法制的不斷完善，公民權(quán)利意識(shí)的不斷增強(qiáng)，我國(guó)DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存在的一些問(wèn)題及隱患不斷顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)立法尚未健全，導(dǎo)致我國(guó)DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)法律定位模糊，采集范圍缺乏統(tǒng)一的法律規(guī)范，對(duì)DNA信息及DNA樣本的保存及銷(xiāo)毀尚未明確規(guī)定，導(dǎo)致DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì)、信息研判、跨區(qū)域比中案件信息共享等方面存在信息互用不夠等。本文作者為公安干警從事DNA檢驗(yàn)工作，實(shí)踐于DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在刑事偵查中的應(yīng)用，就我國(guó)公安目前DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，與國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行比較，分析展望我國(guó)DNA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的未來(lái)，提出一些個(gè)人想法與建議。
[Abstract]:With the maturity of standardized forensic DNA typing technology and the continuous improvement of computer and network technology, DNA database has been greatly developed. The public security DNA database in China is established by combining DNA polymorphism analysis technology with computer network transmission technology and large database management technology. the DNA classification data and related case information or personnel information of forensic physical evidence samples and illegal and criminal personnel samples on the scene of all kinds of cases are stored by computer, and the data sharing information system of remote and rapid comparison and query is realized. Since China's public security DNA database was put into operation in 2005, after nearly ten years of development, the database capacity has increased rapidly and the benefit of solving cases has been continuously enhanced. as of August 31, 2013, the total data of DNA database reached 22.422 million, ranking first in the world. In 2012, the number of persons involved in criminal cases and the number of cases were 89000 and 93000, respectively. The ratio rate of DNA information of biological evidence on the spot is 23.59%, and the ratio of DNA information of illegal and criminal personnel to 1.41%.DNA database has become an important scientific and technological support for public security organs to adapt to the new requirements of modern police under the condition of dynamic and information, to crack down on crime accurately and efficiently, to maintain judicial justice and to resolve social contradictions. However, with the continuous improvement of the legal system and the increasing awareness of civil rights, some problems and hidden dangers existing in DNA database in our country continue to appear. For example, the legislation of DNA database is not perfect, which leads to the vague legal positioning of DNA database in our country, the lack of unified legal norms in the scope of collection, and the preservation and destruction of DNA information and DNA samples, which leads to the insufficient use of information in DNA database in data comparison, information research and judgment, case information sharing in cross-regional comparison, and so on. In this paper, the author is engaged in DNA inspection for public security police, practices the application of DNA database in criminal investigation, compares the current application situation of DNA database with that of foreign developed countries, analyzes and looks forward to the future of DNA database in China, and puts forward some personal ideas and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D918.9

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