【摘要】：死后再分布(postmortem redistribution PMR)是指死后體內(nèi)毒(藥)物在組織、器官以及體液間發(fā)生移動的現(xiàn)象。在機(jī)體死后不久毒(藥)物的擴(kuò)散作用就開始了,以致于死后不同時(shí)間不同組織、器官內(nèi)的毒藥物濃度不盡相同,傳統(tǒng)的檢材選取方法可靠性值得懷疑。PMR的發(fā)生機(jī)制十分復(fù)雜,目前提出的主要有:梯度濃度擴(kuò)散,死后血液的流動,體內(nèi)藥物代謝動力學(xué)作用,腐敗作用等。死后再分布的機(jī)制十分復(fù)雜,同一種毒物中毒,在不同的體液及組織器官內(nèi)PMR可能同時(shí)涉及多種機(jī)制。由于甲基苯丙胺(Methamphetamine MA)濫用現(xiàn)象極為嚴(yán)重,中毒及致死的案件時(shí)有發(fā)生,根據(jù)其化學(xué)性質(zhì)推斷,理論上MA存在PMR的可能,因此本課題選取MA做研究對象。 目的擬建立生物檢材中MA快速、靈敏的提取、檢測方法,研究MA在家兔體內(nèi)是否存在PMR現(xiàn)象,并闡述其PMR的變化趨勢,為此類毒品中毒案件的法醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)鑒定提供理論依據(jù)和有效檢驗(yàn)方法。 方法選擇30只實(shí)驗(yàn)家兔分6組,以MA溶液按照30mg/kg的量灌胃1~4組、以60mg/ml的MA乙醇溶液按照30mg/kg的量液灌胃5、6組,以窒息方式處死后以仰臥位置于15℃環(huán)境內(nèi),分別于死后0h、6h、24h、48h取心血、外周血、尿液及肺組織、肝組織、腦組織待測1~4組,于死后6h、48h檢驗(yàn)5、6組。 以SPME-GC-MS法檢測家兔不同體液及組織中的MA,使用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取頭萃取,1-萘胺(1-Naphthylamine)作為內(nèi)標(biāo),以氣相色譜質(zhì)譜選擇離子法進(jìn)行檢測。所得數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS13.0軟件進(jìn)行方差分析和多樣本均數(shù)多重比較的t檢驗(yàn)。 結(jié)果MA在急性中毒家兔體內(nèi)存在PMR現(xiàn)象,家兔死亡后0h~48h內(nèi)心血、外周血、肝組織內(nèi)MA濃度逐漸出現(xiàn)不同程度的升高(P0.01),肺組織內(nèi)濃度先升高后下降(P0.05),尿液內(nèi)的濃度輕度下降(P0.05),腦組織濃度變化較小(P0.05),死后早期濃度變化較晚期明顯。MA合并乙醇組家兔死亡后6h、48hMA在急性中毒家兔心血、肝組織中有升高趨勢(P0.05),PMR現(xiàn)象較單獨(dú)使用MA時(shí)明顯增強(qiáng)。 結(jié)論 1.建立了生物檢材中MA的SPME-GC-MS快速提取、檢測方法。 2.急性中毒家兔死后體液及組織中MA出現(xiàn)死后再分布現(xiàn)象,MA含量隨死后時(shí)間的延長,出現(xiàn)不同程度死后再分布變化,腦組織濃度變化較小。 3.要準(zhǔn)確地判斷死亡當(dāng)時(shí)的體液和組織中的MA含量,取材檢測時(shí)應(yīng)考慮死后再分布因素的影響。
[Abstract]:Postmortem redistribution of (postmortem redistribution PMR) refers to the movement of toxins between tissues, organs and body fluids after death. Soon after the death of the body, the diffusion of poison (drug) began, so that the concentration of toxic drugs in organs varied from tissue to tissue at different time after death. The reliability of traditional sample selection methods is questionable. The occurrence mechanism of PMR is very complex. At present, the main proposals are gradient concentration diffusion, postmortem blood flow, pharmacokinetics in vivo, corruption and so on. The mechanism of postmortem redistribution is very complex. PMR may involve many mechanisms in different body fluids and tissues and organs at the same time. Because the abuse of methamphetamine (Methamphetamine MA) is very serious, poisoning and death occur from time to time. According to its chemical properties, it is inferred that MA has the possibility of PMR in theory, so MA is selected as the research object in this paper. Objective to establish a rapid and sensitive method for the extraction and detection of MA from biological samples, to study the existence of PMR in MA in rabbits, and to explain the changing trend of PMR. It provides theoretical basis and effective test method for forensic examination and identification of this kind of drug poisoning cases. Methods 30 rabbits were divided into 6 groups. MA solution was given intragastrically according to the amount of 30mg/kg, MA ethanol solution of 60mg/ml was given intragastrically according to the dose of 30mg/kg for 5, 6 groups were killed by asphyxiation and lying on their backs at 15 鈩，

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