廣州市“積分入戶”政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-06 11:40
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)轉移人口由于體制障礙無法享受到城市的市民待遇,是中國城市化進程中出現(xiàn)的由二元經(jīng)濟結構所帶來的問題。新型城鎮(zhèn)化本質是人的城鎮(zhèn)化,其基本任務是促進農(nóng)業(yè)轉移人口市民化,最緊迫的任務是農(nóng)民工市民化。作為戶籍制度改革的創(chuàng)新實踐,廣州市的“積分入戶”政策引人關注。本論文試圖在梳理廣州市“積分入戶”政策的演進過程基礎上,從來穗農(nóng)民工的角度分析廣州市“積分入戶”政策的實施效果,并提出相應的改進建議。廣州市在2010年啟動“積分入戶”政策,2014年對“積分入戶”的條件和計分標準進行了調(diào)整�！胺e分入戶”的實施,解決了部分外來務工者的戶籍問題。截至2015年底大約1.7萬外來務工者通過該政策獲得廣州市戶籍。問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,受訪者入戶意愿較強烈,但對“積分入戶”認知度不高,普遍認為通過積分制入戶的方式合理但具體入戶指標設置應該有所改進。最希望通過“積分入戶”獲得的市民待遇依次為義務教育階段子女入讀公辦學校、醫(yī)療待遇、養(yǎng)老保障、申請廉租房資格和最低生活保障、購買商品房資格、失業(yè)保障。廣州市“積分入戶”政策存在需要改進的問題。一是入戶指標數(shù)量偏低,相對于數(shù)百萬計的外來務工人員,廣州市每年4500個入戶指標明顯滿足不了需要。二是計分標準有待進一步改進。農(nóng)民工低學歷、少技能、低收入的群體特征導致積分偏低,考慮來穗工作年限和實際對城市發(fā)展的貢獻不夠。三是積分入戶申報程序繁雜,相關工作效率有待提高。四是政府在民生領域的財政投入和公共服務不足,社會管理效率低下。五是“積分入戶”政策宣傳力度不夠,外來務工人員申請入戶積極性不高。論文提出改進“積分入戶”政策的建議。一是要關注農(nóng)民工群體的特征,應充分考慮外來務工人員對城市發(fā)展的貢獻,通過來穗工作年限等指標,優(yōu)化調(diào)整加分項權重。二是適度放寬入戶名額限制,提高與入戶管理配套的城市財政、管理部門、公共服務能力。三是處理好農(nóng)業(yè)轉移人口融入城市的問題,平衡好減低入戶門檻與城市產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的矛盾。四是簡化“積分入戶”申請流程,縮減申請者的時間成本和經(jīng)濟成本。五是提高政策的宣傳力度,使其更好地為民所用。
[Abstract]:It is a problem brought by dualistic economic structure in the process of urbanization that agricultural transfer population is unable to enjoy the treatment of urban citizens because of institutional barriers. The essence of the new urbanization is the urbanization of human beings, and its basic task is to promote the urbanization of the population transferred by agriculture, and the most urgent task is the urbanization of migrant workers. As an innovative practice of the reform of household registration system, Guangzhou's "integral entry" policy attracts people's attention. On the basis of combing the evolution process of the "integral entry" policy in Guangzhou, this paper tries to analyze the implementation effect of the "integral entry" policy in Guangzhou from the perspective of migrant workers, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement. In 2010, Guangzhou started the "points-in-the-household" policy. In 2014, the conditions and scoring standards of "points-in-the-household" were adjusted. The implementation of "integral entry" solves the problem of household registration of some migrant workers. By the end of 2015, about 17000 migrant workers were registered in Guangzhou through the policy. The questionnaire data show that the interviewees' desire to enter the household is strong, but the recognition degree of "integral entering the household" is not high. It is generally believed that the way of entering the household through the system of points should be reasonable but the setting of the specific entry index should be improved. The citizens who most hope to get through the "points into the household" are compulsory education stage children enrolled in public schools, medical treatment, old-age security, application for low-rent housing qualifications and minimum living security, commercial housing qualifications, unemployment protection. There are some problems to be improved in the policy of "integration into the household" in Guangzhou. First, the number of household entry index is relatively low, compared with millions of migrant workers, Guangzhou city is obviously unable to meet the needs of 4500 household indicators per year. Second, the scoring standards need to be further improved. The group characteristics of low education, low skills and low income of migrant workers lead to low scores, and the years of working in Guangzhou and the actual contribution to urban development are not enough. Third, points to the household application procedures are complicated, related work efficiency needs to be improved. Fourth, the government's financial input and public service in the field of people's livelihood is insufficient, and the efficiency of social management is low. Fifth, the "points into the household" policy propaganda efforts are not enough, migrant workers apply for home enthusiasm is not high. The paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the "integral-in-the-household" policy. First, we should pay attention to the characteristics of migrant workers, fully consider the contribution of migrant workers to the development of the city, and optimize and adjust the add-on weight through the indicators such as the working years of the migrant workers in Guangzhou. Second, moderate relaxation of quota restrictions, and improve the capacity of urban finance, management departments and public services. The third is to deal with the problem of the integration of agricultural transfer population into the city, and to balance and reduce the contradiction between the threshold of entry and the upgrading of urban industry. Fourth, simplify the application process, reduce the time cost and economic cost of the applicant. Fifth, to enhance the publicity of the policy, so that it is better used by the people.
【學位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D631.42
本文編號：2435491
[Abstract]:It is a problem brought by dualistic economic structure in the process of urbanization that agricultural transfer population is unable to enjoy the treatment of urban citizens because of institutional barriers. The essence of the new urbanization is the urbanization of human beings, and its basic task is to promote the urbanization of the population transferred by agriculture, and the most urgent task is the urbanization of migrant workers. As an innovative practice of the reform of household registration system, Guangzhou's "integral entry" policy attracts people's attention. On the basis of combing the evolution process of the "integral entry" policy in Guangzhou, this paper tries to analyze the implementation effect of the "integral entry" policy in Guangzhou from the perspective of migrant workers, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement. In 2010, Guangzhou started the "points-in-the-household" policy. In 2014, the conditions and scoring standards of "points-in-the-household" were adjusted. The implementation of "integral entry" solves the problem of household registration of some migrant workers. By the end of 2015, about 17000 migrant workers were registered in Guangzhou through the policy. The questionnaire data show that the interviewees' desire to enter the household is strong, but the recognition degree of "integral entering the household" is not high. It is generally believed that the way of entering the household through the system of points should be reasonable but the setting of the specific entry index should be improved. The citizens who most hope to get through the "points into the household" are compulsory education stage children enrolled in public schools, medical treatment, old-age security, application for low-rent housing qualifications and minimum living security, commercial housing qualifications, unemployment protection. There are some problems to be improved in the policy of "integration into the household" in Guangzhou. First, the number of household entry index is relatively low, compared with millions of migrant workers, Guangzhou city is obviously unable to meet the needs of 4500 household indicators per year. Second, the scoring standards need to be further improved. The group characteristics of low education, low skills and low income of migrant workers lead to low scores, and the years of working in Guangzhou and the actual contribution to urban development are not enough. Third, points to the household application procedures are complicated, related work efficiency needs to be improved. Fourth, the government's financial input and public service in the field of people's livelihood is insufficient, and the efficiency of social management is low. Fifth, the "points into the household" policy propaganda efforts are not enough, migrant workers apply for home enthusiasm is not high. The paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the "integral-in-the-household" policy. First, we should pay attention to the characteristics of migrant workers, fully consider the contribution of migrant workers to the development of the city, and optimize and adjust the add-on weight through the indicators such as the working years of the migrant workers in Guangzhou. Second, moderate relaxation of quota restrictions, and improve the capacity of urban finance, management departments and public services. The third is to deal with the problem of the integration of agricultural transfer population into the city, and to balance and reduce the contradiction between the threshold of entry and the upgrading of urban industry. Fourth, simplify the application process, reduce the time cost and economic cost of the applicant. Fifth, to enhance the publicity of the policy, so that it is better used by the people.
【學位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D631.42
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