【摘要】： 偵查推理一直是案件偵查中一個(gè)重要而又有些神秘的問題。對(duì)于案件的偵破來說,如何從各種紛繁糅雜的線索中尋找出一條通往真相的思維之路,關(guān)鍵就在于偵查人員能否進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理。而目前對(duì)于偵查推理的研究而言,無論是刑事偵查專家還是邏輯學(xué)家都還停留在一個(gè)較為粗糙的階段。本文旨在通過對(duì)合情推理理論的研究和拓展,以期推動(dòng)偵查推理理論研究的進(jìn)一步前行,并對(duì)偵查實(shí)踐提供些許有益的幫助。 合情推理理論應(yīng)用于偵查推理實(shí)踐的研究具有非常重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義。目前國(guó)內(nèi)合情推理的相關(guān)研究幾乎仍囿于數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域,而將其與案件偵查結(jié)合起來的研究更是鳳毛麟角。因此,這種跨學(xué)科的研究不僅具有理論借鑒意義,也更加具有重要的理論創(chuàng)新意義。而對(duì)案件偵查工作實(shí)踐而言,合情推理的研究不僅有助于我們正確的認(rèn)識(shí)偵查思維的推理過程,而且對(duì)于提高偵查人員的邏輯推理水平也具有十分重要的理論指導(dǎo)作用。 簡(jiǎn)單的說,合情推理是一種綜合了邏輯知識(shí)和日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的推理方式。它與普通邏輯推理的主要區(qū)別正在于其對(duì)推理背景知識(shí)的緊密依存性。這也正是“合情”二字的必然要求。當(dāng)然這些背景知識(shí)本身并不一定是絕對(duì)正確的。因此,正確的進(jìn)行合情推理首先要求我們?cè)谕评淼倪^程中能夠堅(jiān)持事實(shí)求是的思維態(tài)度。這種態(tài)度在實(shí)踐過程中的體現(xiàn)就是實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)所遵從的“大膽的假設(shè),小心的求證”。 本文一共分為三個(gè)部分 第一部分:偵查推理的傳統(tǒng)模式。主要介紹了目前偵查邏輯學(xué)中對(duì)偵查推理的認(rèn)識(shí)內(nèi)容。通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)偵查推理模式體系的介紹以及對(duì)其局限和不足的說明來指出進(jìn)行合情推理相關(guān)研究的必要性。 第二部分:合情推理的一般理論。主要對(duì)合情推理的基本概念和特征進(jìn)行了嘗試性的歸納和說明。力求勾勒出其大致的輪廓。同時(shí)通過將合情推理與形式邏輯相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行比較進(jìn)一步明確其含義。 第三部分:偵查思維中的合情推理模式。主要通過從合情推理的理論出發(fā)來對(duì)偵查思維的推理過程的歸納和說明。并通過對(duì)偵查思維中合情推理模式的系統(tǒng)化整理力圖從合情推理的視角出發(fā)構(gòu)建出一個(gè)能夠基本涵蓋偵查推理方法的邏輯推理體系。 鑒于本文篇幅和筆者認(rèn)識(shí)深度的限制。本文對(duì)偵查思維中合情推理問題的研究深度還是比較有限的。比如,合情推理中所合之“情”的內(nèi)涵和外延,合情推理中直覺、靈感等非邏輯思維的地位和作用,以及如何才能合理把握合情推理的分量要求等等,這些都是可以進(jìn)一步延伸下去的問題,有待于人們進(jìn)一步的探討和深入下去。
[Abstract]:Investigation reasoning has always been an important and mysterious problem in case investigation. For the detection of cases, how to find a way of thinking leading to the truth from all kinds of complicated clues, the key lies in whether the investigators can carry out correct logical reasoning. At present, the criminal investigation experts and logicians are still at a rough stage in the research of investigation reasoning. Through the research and expansion of the theory of reasonable reasoning, this paper aims to promote the further research of the theory of investigative reasoning, and to provide some useful help to the practice of investigation. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to apply the theory of reasonable reasoning to the practice of investigative reasoning. At present, the relevant research of reasonable reasoning in China is still confined to the field of mathematics, and the research of combining it with the investigation of cases is even rarer. Therefore, this interdisciplinary research not only has theoretical significance, but also has important theoretical innovation significance. As far as the practice of case investigation is concerned, the study of reasonable reasoning not only helps us to understand the reasoning process of investigative thinking correctly, but also plays an important role in improving the level of logical reasoning of investigators. In short, rational reasoning is a way of reasoning that integrates logical knowledge and daily life experience. The main difference between it and ordinary logic reasoning lies in its close dependence on reasoning background knowledge. This is also the necessary requirement of the word "reasonable". Of course, this background knowledge itself is not necessarily absolutely correct. Therefore, the correct reasonable reasoning requires us to adhere to the realistic thinking attitude in the process of reasoning. The embodiment of this attitude in practice is the "bold hypothesis, careful verification" followed by pragmatism philosophy. This paper is divided into three parts: the traditional mode of investigative reasoning. This paper mainly introduces the cognition content of investigation reasoning in investigation logic at present. By introducing the traditional investigative reasoning model system and explaining its limitations and shortcomings, this paper points out the necessity of relevant research on reasonable reasoning. The second part: the general theory of reasonable reasoning. The basic concepts and characteristics of reasonable reasoning are summarized and explained. Try to outline its outline. At the same time, by comparing the relevant concepts of reasonable reasoning and formal logic, the meaning is further clarified. The third part: the reasonable reasoning mode in the investigation thought. The reasoning process of investigative thinking is summed up and explained from the theory of reasonable reasoning. And through the systematic arrangement of the reasonable reasoning mode in the investigative thinking, the author tries to construct a logical reasoning system which can basically cover the investigative reasoning method from the perspective of reasonable reasoning. In view of the length of this article and the depth of the author's limitations. In this paper, the research depth of reasonable reasoning in investigative thinking is still limited. For example, the connotation and extension of "emotion" in reasonable reasoning, the position and function of non-logical thinking such as intuition and inspiration in reasonable reasoning, and how to reasonably grasp the requirements of reasonable reasoning, etc. These are problems that can be further extended, and need to be further explored and deepened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D918

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