【摘要】：警察體制是一個(gè)國(guó)家關(guān)于警察機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置、管理權(quán)限的劃分以及警察編制規(guī)定的制度,其設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)合理與否直接決定警察權(quán)運(yùn)行的成效。我國(guó)的警察制度脫胎、成型于革命時(shí)代,發(fā)展、成長(zhǎng)于改革時(shí)代,并于上世紀(jì)80年代中期正式形成了“統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo),分級(jí)管理,條塊結(jié)合,以塊為主”的頗具中國(guó)特色的體制模式。這種警察體制形成于我國(guó)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的時(shí)期,大力確保了黨對(duì)警察工作的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),保證了政令統(tǒng)一和警令暢通,落實(shí)了警察工作屬地管理原則,充分發(fā)揮了地方黨委和政府維護(hù)地方社會(huì)治安工作的主動(dòng)性、積極性。但是隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,我國(guó)的政治、文化等制度都隨之發(fā)生了巨大的變遷。一方面是法治、自由、人權(quán)意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒,“依法治國(guó),建設(shè)法治國(guó)家”已經(jīng)成為了我國(guó)社會(huì)主義社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)。相應(yīng)的,國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)也進(jìn)行了多次機(jī)構(gòu)、體制改革以及行政職能轉(zhuǎn)變,相比較而言,警察制度卻少有根本性的觸動(dòng)。顯然,這種以懲治犯罪和維護(hù)秩序?yàn)榫熘行娜蝿?wù)的警察體制越來(lái)越難以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前社會(huì)發(fā)展需要,亟需有計(jì)劃的、理性的組織變革,以積極應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型,提高行政組織的效能和貫徹法治人權(quán)理念。另一方面是社會(huì)治安形勢(shì)的持續(xù)吃緊,民眾安全感的降低,雖然也采取了諸如“嚴(yán)打”、“專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理”等一系列傳統(tǒng)管理手段,但這些措施的適用并未能有效的扭轉(zhuǎn)整個(gè)局勢(shì),根本原因在于警察管理體制沒(méi)有作出相應(yīng)的、整體性的變革以適應(yīng)新的社會(huì)形勢(shì)。 本文擬從外國(guó)警察體制類(lèi)型和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的比較分析中探求我國(guó)法治型警察體制的建構(gòu),以合理劃分警察事權(quán),規(guī)定警察保障機(jī)制,優(yōu)化設(shè)置警察機(jī)構(gòu),科學(xué)建立監(jiān)督體系和警務(wù)運(yùn)行模式,使警察權(quán)得以合理的限制和科學(xué)的適用,而非單純追求控制犯罪、維護(hù)秩序而忽視了法治和人權(quán)的目標(biāo)。我國(guó)警察體制改革還必須從我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情出發(fā),遵循我國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的總體目標(biāo),堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),同時(shí),借鑒各國(guó)警務(wù)革命的先進(jìn)理念,如警務(wù)現(xiàn)代化、警察的職業(yè)化、治安社區(qū)化,以期建立符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的現(xiàn)代法治型警察體制：首先,明確劃分警察權(quán)中央和地方事權(quán),明確警務(wù)活動(dòng)和非警務(wù)活動(dòng)的界限,合理適用刑事偵查權(quán)和治安行政權(quán)。其次,嚴(yán)格遵循法定原則,合理規(guī)定警察編制,優(yōu)化配置警力機(jī)制,改革“倒三角型”警力分布的弊病,夯實(shí)基層警力,避免機(jī)關(guān)部門(mén)過(guò)多、人浮于事的現(xiàn)象,賦予基層更多的自主權(quán)。再次,實(shí)行警務(wù)機(jī)制改革,改革現(xiàn)行的刑事偵查體制、接處警機(jī)制和警務(wù)協(xié)作機(jī)制,以提高工作效率。最后,完善警察監(jiān)督機(jī)制,以保障警察權(quán)的合理限制和科學(xué)運(yùn)行,通過(guò)上述方面的改革在整體上建立和完善符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的現(xiàn)代法治型警察體制。
[Abstract]:The police system is a national system about the establishment of police organization, the division of management authority and the regulation of police establishment. Whether the design is scientific and reasonable or not directly determines the effectiveness of the operation of police power. The police system of our country was born out of birth, formed in the revolutionary era, developed and grew up in the era of reform, and in the mid-1980s, it formally formed "unified leadership, hierarchical management, piecemeal integration," The system model with Chinese characteristics is based on block. This police system was formed in the period of transition from planned economy to market economy in our country. It ensured the absolute leadership of the party over the police work, ensured the unity of the government order and the smooth flow of the police order, and implemented the principle of territorial management of the police work. Give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of local party committees and governments in maintaining local public order. However, with the rapid development of our economy, our political, cultural and other systems have undergone tremendous changes. On the one hand, the awakening of the consciousness of rule of law, freedom and human rights, "ruling the country according to law and building a country ruled by law" has become the main goal of the development of our socialist society. Accordingly, the state administration has also carried out many institutional reforms and administrative function changes, but the police system has few fundamental touches. It is clear that this police system, with the task of punishing crime and maintaining order as the central task of the police, is becoming more and more difficult to meet the needs of current social development and needs urgent planned and rational organizational changes in order to respond positively to the social transformation, Improve the efficiency of administrative organizations and implement the concept of rule of law and human rights. On the other hand, the continued tight social security situation and the reduction of sense of security have also adopted a series of traditional management measures such as "strike hard" and "special management", but the application of these measures has not effectively reversed the whole situation. The fundamental reason lies in the failure of the police management system to make corresponding, holistic changes to adapt to the new social situation. From the comparative analysis of the types and development trends of the foreign police system, this paper explores the construction of our country's law-governed police system, in order to reasonably divide the police power, stipulate the police security mechanism, and optimize the setting up of the police organization. The establishment of scientific supervision system and police operation mode makes the police power reasonable limitation and scientific application, instead of simply pursuing the control of crime, maintaining order and neglecting the goal of rule of law and human rights. The police system reform of our country must also proceed from the specific conditions of our country, follow the overall goal of the political and economic system reform of our country, adhere to the leadership of the party, at the same time, draw lessons from the advanced concepts of the police service revolution in various countries, such as the modernization of police affairs. The professionalization of the police and the communitalization of public security in order to establish a modern police system of the rule of law in accordance with China's national conditions: firstly, the police power should be clearly divided between the central and local authorities, and the boundaries between police activities and non-police activities should be clearly defined. The power of criminal investigation and the administrative power of public security shall be reasonably applied. Secondly, strictly abide by the legal principles, rationally stipulate the police establishment, optimize the police force allocation mechanism, reform the malpractice of the "inverted triangle" police force distribution, consolidate the grass-roots police force, and avoid the phenomenon of excessive number of organs and departments, and over-staffing. Give more autonomy to the grassroots. Thirdly, we should carry out the reform of the police mechanism, reform the current criminal investigation system, receive the police and cooperate with the police in order to improve the working efficiency. Finally, we should perfect the police supervision mechanism to ensure the reasonable restriction and scientific operation of the police power, and establish and perfect the modern law-governed police system according to the situation of our country through the reform of the above aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D631.1

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本文編號(hào)：2424540