H死亡原因鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)法學(xué)分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-27 08:45
【摘要】： 死亡原因鑒定結(jié)論對故意傷害(致人死亡)、故意殺人等常見、多發(fā)案件的處理有至關(guān)重要的作用,即對案件事實(shí)的查明、性質(zhì)的認(rèn)定,對正確適用法律,判明罪與非罪、此罪與彼罪,對準(zhǔn)確量刑及附帶民事訴訟的處理等,都有重大的意義。 本文首先介紹了我國刑事訴訟中的一個(gè)死因鑒定案例。在交代了分析的進(jìn)路后,以鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)能力、證明力為切入點(diǎn),對我國刑事訴訟中死因鑒定方面存在的主要問題分如下六個(gè)部分作了分析: 第一部分:鑒定啟動方面的分析。指出了我國刑事訴訟實(shí)踐中鑒定啟動上存在的問題,和問題產(chǎn)生的原因;分析了鑒定啟動對鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力、證明力的影響;歸納了我國刑事訴訟鑒定啟動制度的特點(diǎn)及不足。 第二部分:鑒定人資格方面的分析。探討了鑒定人資格如何對鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力、證明力發(fā)生影響;結(jié)合案例指出我國法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定人資格制度上存在的問題及其危害;提出學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)國家在法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定人資格制度上的好的做法和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 第三部分:鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)中立性方面的分析。指出了鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)如何對鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)能力或證明力發(fā)生影響;探討了鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)中立性與鑒定人中立性的關(guān)系;指出我國刑事訴訟法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)和鑒定人不中立的現(xiàn)狀;結(jié)合案情,重點(diǎn)探討了這種不中立對公安系統(tǒng)法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定人的鑒定活動的負(fù)面影響;和對死因鑒定結(jié)論證明力的負(fù)面影響;結(jié)合案例,探討了鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)附屬于法院系統(tǒng)對鑒定結(jié)論證明力評估的影響;最后介紹了主要發(fā)達(dá)國家刑事訴訟中死因鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)中立性的好的做法。 第四部分:檢驗(yàn)鑒定的實(shí)施方面的分析。結(jié)合案例從被鑒定客體、檢材和法醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)兩方面,探討了檢驗(yàn)鑒定的實(shí)施對死因鑒定結(jié)論證明力的影響。 第五部分:鑒定依據(jù)、原理的遵循和論證方面的分析。緊扣案例中的鑒定情況,首先探討了案例中鑒定依據(jù)、原理的遵循對死因鑒定結(jié)論證明力的消極影響;然后用較大篇幅探討了鑒定書中的分析論證情況對死因鑒定結(jié)論證明力的消極影響,和對一審判決結(jié)果的消極影響。 第六部分:表述方面的分析。探討了表述不清對死因鑒定結(jié)論證明力評估的影響。 本文著重分析了以上六方面的問題是如何對死因鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)能力或證明力發(fā)生消極影響的。本文以本案“最高法”鑒定結(jié)論和一審判決結(jié)果為例,深入分析了雖有證據(jù)能力但證明力較低的死因鑒定結(jié)論對實(shí)體裁判結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)的負(fù)面影響。 本文不僅揭示了所選取的案例中存在的一些問題及其產(chǎn)生的原因,而且使讀者能夠較全面、深入地把握我國刑事訴訟中死因鑒定問題的實(shí)質(zhì),更清晰地認(rèn)識到問題的危害性。從而喚起人們、特別是司法實(shí)務(wù)界和學(xué)界同仁們,對我國刑事訴訟涉及的死因鑒定問題的重視。以期通過各方共同努力,促進(jìn)存在的問題的解決。
[Abstract]:The conclusion of the appraisal of the cause of death is of great importance to the treatment of common and multiple cases, such as intentional injury (causing death), intentional homicide and so on, that is, to find out the facts of the case, to determine the nature of the case, to apply the law correctly, to convict the crime and the non-crime, This crime and that crime are of great significance to accurate sentencing and the handling of incidental civil proceedings. This paper first introduces a case of death identification in criminal proceedings in China. After giving an account of the approach to the analysis, starting with the evidentiary ability and the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, The main problems in the identification of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in China are analyzed in six parts as follows: the first part: the analysis of the initiation of identification. This paper points out the problems existing in the initiation of identification in our country's criminal procedure practice and the causes of the problems, and analyzes the influence of the initiation of identification on the ability of evidence and the power of proof. This paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the initiation system of criminal procedure identification in our country. The second part: the analysis of the qualification of experts. This paper probes into how the qualification of expert affects the ability of evidence and the power of proof, and points out the problems and harm of the qualification system of forensic medicine in our country. Put forward the good practice and experience of studying the forensic expert qualification system of the countries concerned. The third part: the analysis of the neutral aspect of the appraisal institution. This paper points out how the appraisal institution affects the evidential ability or the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, probes into the relationship between the neutrality of the appraisal institution and the neutrality of the expert, and points out the present situation that the medical appraisal institution and the expert are not neutral in our country's criminal procedure law. Combined with the facts of the case, the negative impact of this non-neutrality on the forensic experts' identification activities in the public security system, and the negative influence on the proving power of the conclusion of the death appraisal are discussed. Combined with the case, the paper discusses the influence of the appraising institution attached to the court system on the evaluation of the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, and finally introduces the good practice of the neutrality of the death appraisal institution in the criminal proceedings in the major developed countries. The fourth part: the analysis of the implementation of inspection and appraisal. In this paper, the influence of the implementation of test identification on the power of proof of death identification was discussed from the aspects of object, material and forensic examination. The fifth part: the appraisal basis, the principle follow and the demonstration aspect analysis. First of all, the paper discusses the basis of identification in the case, and the negative influence of the principle on the proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal; Then it discusses the negative influence of the analysis and argument in the appraisal book on the power of proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal and the negative influence on the result of the first instance judgment. The sixth part: the analysis of representation. This paper discusses the influence of unclear expression on the evaluation of the probative power of the conclusion of death identification. This paper focuses on how the above six problems have a negative impact on the evidential ability or probative power of the conclusion of death identification. Taking the conclusion of the Supreme Law and the result of the first instance judgment as examples, this paper deeply analyzes the profound negative effect of the conclusion of the coroner's cause of death, which has the ability of evidence but the less power of proof, on the result of substantive judgment. This paper not only reveals some problems existing in the selected cases and their causes, but also enables readers to grasp the essence of the question of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in our country, and to understand the harmfulness of the problem more clearly. In order to arouse people, especially the judicial practice and academic colleagues, to our criminal proceedings involved in the issue of death identification. With a view to promoting the solution of existing problems through the joint efforts of all parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D918.9
[Abstract]:The conclusion of the appraisal of the cause of death is of great importance to the treatment of common and multiple cases, such as intentional injury (causing death), intentional homicide and so on, that is, to find out the facts of the case, to determine the nature of the case, to apply the law correctly, to convict the crime and the non-crime, This crime and that crime are of great significance to accurate sentencing and the handling of incidental civil proceedings. This paper first introduces a case of death identification in criminal proceedings in China. After giving an account of the approach to the analysis, starting with the evidentiary ability and the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, The main problems in the identification of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in China are analyzed in six parts as follows: the first part: the analysis of the initiation of identification. This paper points out the problems existing in the initiation of identification in our country's criminal procedure practice and the causes of the problems, and analyzes the influence of the initiation of identification on the ability of evidence and the power of proof. This paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the initiation system of criminal procedure identification in our country. The second part: the analysis of the qualification of experts. This paper probes into how the qualification of expert affects the ability of evidence and the power of proof, and points out the problems and harm of the qualification system of forensic medicine in our country. Put forward the good practice and experience of studying the forensic expert qualification system of the countries concerned. The third part: the analysis of the neutral aspect of the appraisal institution. This paper points out how the appraisal institution affects the evidential ability or the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, probes into the relationship between the neutrality of the appraisal institution and the neutrality of the expert, and points out the present situation that the medical appraisal institution and the expert are not neutral in our country's criminal procedure law. Combined with the facts of the case, the negative impact of this non-neutrality on the forensic experts' identification activities in the public security system, and the negative influence on the proving power of the conclusion of the death appraisal are discussed. Combined with the case, the paper discusses the influence of the appraising institution attached to the court system on the evaluation of the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, and finally introduces the good practice of the neutrality of the death appraisal institution in the criminal proceedings in the major developed countries. The fourth part: the analysis of the implementation of inspection and appraisal. In this paper, the influence of the implementation of test identification on the power of proof of death identification was discussed from the aspects of object, material and forensic examination. The fifth part: the appraisal basis, the principle follow and the demonstration aspect analysis. First of all, the paper discusses the basis of identification in the case, and the negative influence of the principle on the proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal; Then it discusses the negative influence of the analysis and argument in the appraisal book on the power of proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal and the negative influence on the result of the first instance judgment. The sixth part: the analysis of representation. This paper discusses the influence of unclear expression on the evaluation of the probative power of the conclusion of death identification. This paper focuses on how the above six problems have a negative impact on the evidential ability or probative power of the conclusion of death identification. Taking the conclusion of the Supreme Law and the result of the first instance judgment as examples, this paper deeply analyzes the profound negative effect of the conclusion of the coroner's cause of death, which has the ability of evidence but the less power of proof, on the result of substantive judgment. This paper not only reveals some problems existing in the selected cases and their causes, but also enables readers to grasp the essence of the question of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in our country, and to understand the harmfulness of the problem more clearly. In order to arouse people, especially the judicial practice and academic colleagues, to our criminal proceedings involved in the issue of death identification. With a view to promoting the solution of existing problems through the joint efforts of all parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D918.9
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