【摘要】：近年來(lái),未成年人犯罪率以驚人的速度上升,已使其在世界范圍內(nèi)成為繼“環(huán)境污染”、“吸毒販毒”之后的第三大社會(huì)公害,成為席卷全球的社會(huì)性問(wèn)題,如何預(yù)防、減少未成年人犯罪引起了世界各國(guó)的高度關(guān)注。如何預(yù)防和減少未成年人犯罪問(wèn)題刻不容緩,弄清此類犯罪的原因并制定科學(xué)有效的預(yù)防措施則是預(yù)防和減少未成年人犯罪的關(guān)鍵所在。 筆者以廣東省佛山地區(qū)未成年人犯罪的狀況為相關(guān)犯罪理論的一個(gè)樣本,試對(duì)未成年人犯罪的特點(diǎn)、成因進(jìn)行分析歸納,并試探討解決方法,以求對(duì)未成年人犯罪的預(yù)防有所裨益。 第一部分主要闡述總結(jié)廣東省佛山地區(qū)未成年人犯罪的現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)對(duì)2003至2009年該地區(qū)未成年人犯罪相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)該地區(qū)未成年人犯罪的總體概況,初步歸納出該地區(qū)此類犯罪犯罪主體低齡化、以男性為主、文化水平普遍偏低、農(nóng)民和無(wú)業(yè)人員所占比例較大的主體方面特征;犯罪客體呈多樣性和復(fù)雜性的特征;具犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)、目的的不確定性的主觀方面特征;犯罪手段成人化、暴力化、團(tuán)伙化趨勢(shì)明顯以及犯罪突發(fā)性強(qiáng)等客觀方面特征,為剖析發(fā)案成因和提出預(yù)防對(duì)策奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分主要從犯罪社會(huì)學(xué)、犯罪心理學(xué)、犯罪實(shí)證研究的范疇對(duì)未成年人犯罪的成因進(jìn)行分析梳理,對(duì)未成年人主觀認(rèn)識(shí)上存在缺陷、價(jià)值觀被扭曲的特點(diǎn),以及生理上變化大、心理上不穩(wěn)定兩個(gè)個(gè)體方面原因進(jìn)行了初步歸納,對(duì)引發(fā)未成年人犯罪的社會(huì)中扭曲的價(jià)值觀、不良的風(fēng)氣、負(fù)面文化、保護(hù)和約束機(jī)制弱化等消極因素,家庭里的畸形家庭結(jié)構(gòu)、家長(zhǎng)教育失當(dāng)、家庭氛圍不和諧等不利因素,學(xué)校方面辦學(xué)指導(dǎo)思想有偏差、學(xué)校管理不完善、部分教師素質(zhì)不高、與家長(zhǎng)溝通不足等缺陷進(jìn)行了粗淺的探討。 第三部分筆者對(duì)應(yīng)歸納出的未成年人犯罪原因,就如何預(yù)防未成年人犯罪提出若干措施建議,包括通過(guò)構(gòu)建和諧家庭、完善學(xué)校教育、凈化社會(huì)環(huán)境來(lái)構(gòu)建未成年人健康成長(zhǎng)的外部大環(huán)境來(lái)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)預(yù)防;通過(guò)提高自我修養(yǎng)與自控能力以加強(qiáng)未成年人個(gè)人的心理預(yù)防;通過(guò)擴(kuò)大緩刑的適用范圍、放寬判刑及假釋的條件、規(guī)定非刑罰的處理辦法和適用社區(qū)矯正手段等加強(qiáng)未成年人犯罪后的刑罰預(yù)防等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the crime rate of minors has increased at an alarming rate. It has become the third social hazard after "environmental pollution" and "drug abuse and drug trafficking" in the world, and it has become a social problem sweeping the world. How to prevent it? The reduction of juvenile delinquency has aroused great concern all over the world. How to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency is urgent, and the key to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency is to make clear the causes of this kind of crime and formulate scientific and effective preventive measures. Taking the situation of juvenile delinquency in Foshan area of Guangdong Province as a sample of relevant crime theory, the author tries to analyze and summarize the characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency, and try to explore the solution. In order to help prevent juvenile delinquency. The first part summarizes the status quo and characteristics of juvenile delinquency in Foshan, Guangdong Province. By analyzing the relevant data of juvenile delinquency in this area from 2003 to 2009, this paper summarizes the general situation of juvenile delinquency in this area, and preliminarily concludes that the main body of this kind of crime in this area is younger age, mainly male. The main features of the relatively low level of education and the large proportion of peasants and unemployed persons; The object of crime has the characteristics of diversity and complexity, the subjective aspect of the uncertainty of the motive and the purpose of the crime; The objective characteristics of crime means, such as adulthood, violence, gang tendency and sudden and strong crime, lay a solid foundation for analyzing the causes of crime and putting forward preventive measures. The second part mainly analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency from the aspects of sociology of crime, psychology of crime and empirical study of crime. As well as the two individual reasons of great physical change and psychological instability, the author has made a preliminary summary of the negative factors, such as distorted values, unhealthy atmosphere, negative culture, protection and weakening of restraint mechanism in the society that causes juvenile delinquency. The malformed family structure in the family, the improper education of the parents, the disharmony of the family atmosphere, the deviation of the guiding ideology of running a school, the imperfect management of the school, the low quality of some teachers, etc. Some defects such as insufficient communication with parents were discussed. In the third part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to prevent juvenile delinquency, including building a harmonious family and perfecting school education. Purifying the social environment to build the external environment for the healthy growth of minors to strengthen social prevention; To strengthen the psychological prevention of minors by improving their self-cultivation and self-control ability; By expanding the scope of application of probation, relaxing the conditions of sentencing and parole, stipulating the treatment method of non-penalty and applying the means of community correction and so on, strengthening the penalty prevention after juvenile delinquency and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：C913.5

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本文編號(hào)：2342464