【摘要】： 近年來,戶籍制度越來越成為人們詬病的對象。事實(shí)上,戶籍制度本身只是政府為掌握戶口數(shù)量而設(shè)置的一種簿籍登記制度,它的存在有歷史的必然性和合理性。但為什么要捅破這層紙的限制如此艱難?問題不在于戶口本身,而是附加在戶籍背后的種種現(xiàn)實(shí)利益。戶籍制度問題的背后是人民渴望享有同等國民待遇的權(quán)利、消除社會不公平、縮小社會差異、改變中國社會的二元結(jié)構(gòu)。從這個角度上說,徹底廢除戶口限制的要求是基于社會道義的角度發(fā)出的聲音,是可以理解的。 不過,改革開放以來,多少人曾為廢除戶籍限制獻(xiàn)言獻(xiàn)策,但最終都未能從根本上撼動戶籍制度的現(xiàn)狀。中國政府也曾多次組織戶籍制度問題調(diào)研,希望將情況摸透后進(jìn)行變革。讓政府擔(dān)心的是,戶籍制度一旦放開,將會導(dǎo)致大批流動人口涌入城市,給已經(jīng)十分緊張的政府服務(wù)體系添加最后一根稻草;同時(shí),政府也擔(dān)心未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將會遺漏農(nóng)村地區(qū),導(dǎo)致社會動蕩及犯罪率不斷攀升。兩權(quán)相害取其輕,中國政府并沒有采取激進(jìn)的做法,一夜間宣布有關(guān)限制政策作廢,而是以謹(jǐn)慎、保守和漸進(jìn)的策略,從外圍入手,逐步淡化戶籍制度對居民的影響。這種由外圍到核心的改革戰(zhàn)略代價(jià)較小,正是中國漸進(jìn)式改革道路的必然反應(yīng)。中國的城市化和市場化并未完成,可以預(yù)見,作為轉(zhuǎn)型期的一條“繩索”,戶籍制度不能突然放開,但也不能捆得太緊,最好的選擇是,通過改革建立健全社會保障體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)政府公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的公平化,使中國社會從戶籍限制中金蟬脫殼。黨的十七屆三中全會提出,我國總體上已進(jìn)入著力破除城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)、形成城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展一體化新格局的重要時(shí)期。這一論斷,也為戶籍改革指明了方向。 隨著中國城市化進(jìn)程的快速發(fā)展以及人口從鄉(xiāng)村向城市的流動不斷加快,戶籍制度對城市流動人口尤其是進(jìn)城農(nóng)民的限制突出地表現(xiàn)出來。這一限制作用在社會結(jié)構(gòu)的層面上形成了基于城市市民與進(jìn)城農(nóng)民兩大身份群體的城市二元社會結(jié)構(gòu)。要破除這一結(jié)構(gòu)難題,戶籍制度改革是必然之舉,這是中國城市化發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求。而要真正實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民的市民化,必須從根本上消除與戶口直接掛鉤的不平等待遇,這正是當(dāng)前城市戶籍制度改革的最大難點(diǎn)所在。 本文試從五個方面闡述法律視野下的戶籍制度改革與完善:第一部分論述我國現(xiàn)行戶籍制度改革的背景,對戶籍制度的內(nèi)容、功能等加以介紹;第二部分論述我國現(xiàn)行戶籍制度與公民基本權(quán)利的關(guān)系,例如平等權(quán)、受教育權(quán)等;第三部分論述國內(nèi)外戶籍制度比較研究成果,分析利弊,借鑒精華;第四部分闡述如何在法律方面對戶籍制度加以改革,尤其是《戶籍法》和《身份證法》;第五部分論述與我國戶籍制度相關(guān)的配套法律措施方面的改革。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the household registration system has become the object of criticism. In fact, the household registration system itself is only a kind of register system set up by the government for controlling the number of hukou, and its existence has historical inevitability and rationality. But why is it so hard to break through the limit on this layer of paper? The problem lies not in the hukou itself, but in the real interests attached to it. Behind the problem of the household registration system is the people's desire to enjoy the right of equal national treatment, eliminate social injustice, narrow the social differences, and change the dual structure of Chinese society. From this point of view, it is understandable that the demand for the complete abolition of hukou restrictions is based on social morality. However, since the reform and opening up, how many people for the abolition of household registration restrictions, but ultimately failed to fundamentally shake the status quo of the household registration system. The Chinese government has also organized research on the household registration system, hoping to change the situation. What worries the government is that, once the household registration system is liberalized, it will lead to the influx of large numbers of migrants into the city, adding the last straw to the already tight government service system; at the same time, The government also fears that future economic growth will leave out rural areas, causing social unrest and rising crime rates. The Chinese government has not taken any radical measures to annul the restriction policy overnight. Instead, it has gradually downplayed the impact of the household registration system on residents with a cautious, conservative and gradual strategy, starting from the periphery. This kind of reform strategy from periphery to core cost less, it is the inevitable reaction of China's gradual reform road. China's urbanization and marketization have not been completed. It can be predicted that as a "rope" in the transition period, the household registration system cannot be suddenly liberalized, but it cannot be tied too tightly. The best choice is to establish and improve the social security system through reform. To realize the fairness of government public goods and services, the Chinese society can get rid of the household registration restrictions. The third Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee proposed that China has generally entered an important period of efforts to break down the dual structure of urban and rural areas and to form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. This argument, also for the household registration reform pointed out the direction. With the rapid development of China's urbanization process and the rapid flow of population from the countryside to the city, the restrictions of the household registration system on the urban floating population, especially the peasants in cities, have been highlighted. On the level of social structure, this restriction has formed the dual social structure of city based on two identity groups: urban citizen and peasant. In order to overcome this structural problem, the reform of household registration system is inevitable, which is the inherent requirement of the development of urbanization in China. In order to realize the farmer's citizenship, we must fundamentally eliminate the unequal treatment directly linked to the household registration system, which is the most difficult point in the current reform of the urban household registration system. This paper expounds the reform and perfection of the household registration system from five aspects: the first part discusses the background of the current household registration system reform in our country, and introduces the contents and functions of the household registration system; The second part discusses the current household registration system and the basic rights of citizens, such as the right to equality, the right to education, etc. The fourth part expounds how to reform the household registration system in the legal aspect, especially the household registration law and the identity card law, and the fifth part discusses the reform of the supporting legal measures related to the household registration system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D631.42

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 韓明軍;基于政策變遷理論視角的我國戶籍制度改革可行性及對策研究[D];廣東海洋大學(xué);2011年

2 張瑩;我國戶籍制度的功能及其變遷研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號：2250958