【摘要】： 本文主要從倫理學(xué)意義上研究社會轉(zhuǎn)型期公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪,并從法律倫理學(xué)、政治倫理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理學(xué)和社會學(xué)等其他交叉學(xué)科進(jìn)行聚焦研究,力圖彌補(bǔ)和消除以往相關(guān)研究的缺口和盲點(diǎn),充分發(fā)揮倫理學(xué)的研究優(yōu)勢,以期在公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪研究的深度和廣度上有所拓展和深化。 全文共分為五章。 第一章:“公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的界定及析源”。主要研究了公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的概念、特征、類型、實(shí)質(zhì)和根源。包括:公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪是政體的退化和政治原則的腐敗退化;是一種消極的越軌行為的極端表現(xiàn);是一種尋租性腐敗犯罪活動;是對行政職業(yè)道德的背叛和職業(yè)良心的泯滅,是一種最嚴(yán)重的權(quán)力腐敗形式。公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪除具有危害社會的刑事犯罪案件的一般特征外,還具有主體的特殊性、職務(wù)的關(guān)聯(lián)性、嚴(yán)重危害性、查處的艱難性等獨(dú)有的社會特征。公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的形式多樣,但其倫理實(shí)質(zhì)是一種侵害國家權(quán)益的犯罪,是濫用公共權(quán)力謀求私人利益。公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪產(chǎn)生的原因是復(fù)雜的,既有深刻的社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、法制等原因,又有犯罪主體的諸如生理、心理和行為等個(gè)性特征的因素的影響。我國轉(zhuǎn)型期公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪最根本的原因有四個(gè)方面:誘惑與陷阱、道德失控與信仰危機(jī)、制度缺失和懲處乏力。其中,誘惑與陷阱是基本原因,道德失控與信仰危機(jī)是主要原因,制度缺失和懲處乏力是根本的社會條件。 第二章:“道德調(diào)控的時(shí)空透視”。主要從歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)兩個(gè)維度分析公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪道德調(diào)控的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。公務(wù)員雖然是個(gè)現(xiàn)代意義上的政治概念,但在不同歷史發(fā)展時(shí)期和不同意識形態(tài)國家官員履行職責(zé)都存在道德如何調(diào)控的“軟約束”問題。在通過道德調(diào)控防止官員職務(wù)犯罪方面可以借鑒古今中外成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。中國古代官員犯罪道德調(diào)控具有明顯的特點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)為政以德,以德治吏的道德調(diào)控原則;在道德調(diào)控的方法上,注重對官員教化與修身的統(tǒng)一;在道德調(diào)控的機(jī)制上,實(shí)行獎懲結(jié)合;在道德調(diào)控的模式上,建立了國家、學(xué)校和家庭三級道德調(diào)控模式。西方公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪道德調(diào)控具有以下幾個(gè)鮮明的特色:制定完善的倫理道德準(zhǔn)則、建立專門的道德管理機(jī)構(gòu)、完善倫理道德的凈化機(jī)制、持久開展倫理道德訓(xùn)練、全面提升公務(wù)員道德基礎(chǔ)。國外對公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪道德建設(shè)所普遍采用的這些措施,有助于我國公務(wù)員道德建設(shè)、職業(yè)道德建設(shè)乃至整個(gè)社會道德水平的提高。 第三章:“道德調(diào)控組織機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)行模式及作用機(jī)制”。道德調(diào)控是一種柔性的調(diào)控,它主要通過“為什么要這樣做”的理性論證和情感感化來引導(dǎo)和影響社會成員,使之自覺自愿地去選擇更加合乎習(xí)俗和道德的行為,這實(shí)際上是理性訴求和感性訴求的結(jié)合。公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的道德調(diào)控是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程,涉及系統(tǒng)的功能與結(jié)構(gòu)、要素與系統(tǒng)、調(diào)控方式(模式)與運(yùn)作機(jī)制等方面的問題。同時(shí),社會文化系統(tǒng)下的公務(wù)員道德調(diào)控,實(shí)際上是在價(jià)值觀念、制度規(guī)范與社會行動三維坐標(biāo)下進(jìn)行。根據(jù)我國的具體國情,應(yīng)該建立專門的道德調(diào)控組織機(jī)構(gòu)。根據(jù)公務(wù)員隸屬關(guān)系和管理權(quán)限可以分為中央國家機(jī)關(guān)、地方政府和部門三級進(jìn)行公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的道德調(diào)控。中央國家機(jī)關(guān)、地方政府和垂直系統(tǒng)三級公務(wù)員道德調(diào)控中心的建立,對各級各類公務(wù)員的道德調(diào)控提供了組織和制度保障。為了達(dá)到良好的道德調(diào)控效果,還必須探索具體的道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式。具體說來有道德梯度調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式、多方位道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式、自上而下道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式、自下而上道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式、內(nèi)省式道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式、外控式道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式等。采用哪種道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,但內(nèi)省式道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式著眼于公務(wù)員自身道德素養(yǎng)提高,較其它五種模式社會成本低得多,是核心的或最重要的調(diào)控模式,應(yīng)該努力培育內(nèi)省式道德調(diào)控運(yùn)行模式的社會運(yùn)行環(huán)境。為了達(dá)到預(yù)防和控制公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪的目的,還需要各種道德調(diào)控手段,包括道德賞罰機(jī)制、道德評價(jià)機(jī)制、道德監(jiān)督機(jī)制、道德示范機(jī)制、輿論監(jiān)督機(jī)制、法律規(guī)約機(jī)制、自我調(diào)控機(jī)制。 第四章:“道德調(diào)控與制度倫理”。主要分析了公務(wù)員制度建設(shè)的倫理選擇和制度調(diào)控的倫理功能等問題。公務(wù)員道德規(guī)范中的公務(wù)員倫理精神是每個(gè)公務(wù)員的具體倫理行為準(zhǔn)則和道德形象標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。需要有一套健全的倫理制度,將軟性的公務(wù)員倫理精神變?yōu)閷珓?wù)員行為的硬性約束。制度設(shè)計(jì)過程當(dāng)中,一切與公共利益有違和相背的價(jià)值目標(biāo)都應(yīng)該排除在制度設(shè)計(jì)之外。倫理規(guī)范既是制度運(yùn)行體系內(nèi)在秩序的要求的反映,也是基于行政理念的理性建構(gòu)。如:局部服從全局的觀念、向上級負(fù)責(zé)與向群眾負(fù)責(zé)相結(jié)合的觀念、“陽光”與“透明”的觀念。公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪立法倫理選擇、公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪執(zhí)法倫理選擇、公務(wù)員職務(wù)犯罪司法倫理選擇顯示了制度調(diào)控的倫理功能。制度和規(guī)范對人的行為的調(diào)控受價(jià)值觀的支配,蘊(yùn)涵在制度中的價(jià)值觀念包含著倫理判斷,形成制度倫理。制度化的倫理規(guī)范和非制度化的道德規(guī)范一起對公務(wù)員的道德調(diào)控產(chǎn)生疊加。 第五章:“公務(wù)員道德教育創(chuàng)新”。公務(wù)員道德教育是公務(wù)員通過道德自律避免職務(wù)犯罪的重要手段和有效途徑。要提高公務(wù)員道德教育的實(shí)效性,需要將公務(wù)員道德教育視為一個(gè)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行道德教育創(chuàng)新,實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的道德信息傳播與接受。公務(wù)員道德教育是不同社會制度的政府為使公務(wù)員踐行其道德義務(wù)而依據(jù)道德原則和道德規(guī)范,有目的、有計(jì)劃、有組織的道德影響活動,其核心是樹立“為人民服務(wù)”的理念。公務(wù)員道德教育本身是一個(gè)信息傳播的過程,在這一過程中,公務(wù)員培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)和公務(wù)員分別是傳播教育和接受教育的主客體,他們之間通過一定的傳播渠道實(shí)現(xiàn)對接,最終取得良好的教育成效。在一定程度上,這是一個(gè)勸服性的過程。最后提出在道德教育方法上創(chuàng)新,在道德教育內(nèi)容上延展,在道德教育制度上創(chuàng)新,以期提升公務(wù)員的道德品格。
[Abstract]:This article mainly studies the civil servants' duty crime in the social transition period from the ethical significance, and focuses on other interdisciplinary subjects such as legal ethics, political ethics, economic ethics and sociology, trying to make up for and eliminate the gap and blind spot of previous related research and give full play to the advantages of ethical research so as to be in the civil service job. The depth and breadth of crime research have been expanded and deepened.
The full text is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter: "the definition and analysis of the crime of civil service duty". It mainly studies the concept, characteristics, types, essence and root of civil servants' duty crime, including the degradation of the government and the corruption and degradation of political principles; the extreme manifestation of a negative deviant behavior; a kind of rent-seeking corruption crime; it is a kind of rent-seeking crime; The betrayal of administrative professional ethics and the vanishing of professional conscience are the most serious forms of power corruption. In addition to the general characteristics of the criminal cases that endanger the society, civil servants' duty crime also has the special characteristics of the subject, the relevance of the duties, the serious harmfulness, the difficulty of investigating and so on. There are various forms of crime, but its ethical essence is a crime that violates the rights and interests of the state and the abuse of public power to seek private interests. The cause of the crime of civil servants is complicated, with profound social and political, economic, cultural and legal reasons, as well as factors such as physiological, psychological and behavioral characteristics of the subject of the crime. There are four basic reasons for the duty crime of civil servants in China during the transition period: temptation and trap, moral control and belief crisis, lack of system and lack of punishment. Among them, temptation and trap are the basic reasons, moral control and belief crisis are the main reasons, the lack of system and the lack of punishment are the basic social conditions.
The second chapter: "the temporal and spatial perspective of moral regulation". It mainly analyzes the experience and lessons of the moral regulation of civil servants' duty crime from the two dimensions of history and reality. Although civil servants are a political concept in the modern sense, there are "soft" ways of moral regulation in different historical periods and different ideological state officials. In order to prevent the official duty crime through moral regulation, we can learn from the successful experience of ancient and modern. The moral regulation of the Chinese ancient officials has obvious characteristics: the emphasis is on the political morality, the moral regulation principle of the government officials, the unification of the official teaching and the practice of the moral regulation and the moral regulation and control, and the moral regulation and control. On the mechanism, the combination of rewards and punishments is carried out. In the mode of moral regulation, the moral regulation mode of three levels of state, school and family has been established. The moral regulation of the duty crime in the western civil servants has the following distinct characteristics: making perfect ethical standards, establishing special moral management institutions, perfecting the purification mechanism of ethics and morality, and lasting a long time. To carry out ethical and moral training and to improve the moral foundation of civil servants in an all-round way. These measures are helpful to the construction of civil servants' morality, the construction of professional ethics and the improvement of the moral level of the whole society.
The third chapter is "the organization of moral regulation, the mode of operation and the mechanism of action". Moral regulation is a flexible regulation. It mainly guides and influences the members of the society through the rational argument and emotional sensitivity of "why to do this", and makes it voluntarily choose behavior which is more customary and moral, which is actually rational. The moral regulation of civil servants' duty crime is a systematic project, which involves the functions and structures of the system, the elements and systems, the mode of regulation (mode) and the operation mechanism. At the same time, the moral regulation of civil servants under the social and cultural system is actually the value concept, the system norm and the social action. In accordance with the specific national conditions of our country, special moral regulation organizations should be established. According to the subordinate relations and administrative powers of the civil servants, the central state organs, the local government and the departments at the three level conduct the moral regulation of the civil servants' duty crimes. The central state organs, the local government and the vertical system are the three level official duties. The establishment of the staff moral control center provides organizational and institutional guarantee for the moral regulation and control of all kinds of civil servants at all levels. In order to achieve good moral control effect, it is necessary to explore the specific operation mode of moral regulation. The operation mode of moral regulation from the bottom to the bottom, the operation mode of introspective moral regulation and the operation mode of external control moral regulation and so on. What kind of moral regulation and control operation mode should be used according to the actual situation, but the internal moral regulation and control operation mode focuses on the moral cultivation of the civil servants themselves, which is much lower than the other five modes of social cost. It is the core or the most important mode of regulation and control. We should try to cultivate the social operating environment of the operation mode of the introspective moral regulation and operation. In order to prevent and control the purpose of the duty crime of the civil servants, it also needs various moral control means, including moral reward and punishment mechanism, moral evaluation mechanism, moral supervision mechanism, moral demonstration mechanism, public opinion supervision. Mechanism, legal regulation mechanism, self-regulation mechanism.
The fourth chapter: "moral regulation and institutional ethics". It mainly analyzes the ethical choice of civil service system construction and the ethical function of institutional regulation. The ethical spirit of civil servants in the civil service ethics is the specific ethical behavior criterion and moral image standard of every civil servant. The ethical spirit of the civil servant becomes a hard constraint on the behavior of civil servants. In the process of system design, all the values which are contrary to the public interests should be excluded from the system design. The ethical norms are both the reflection of the internal order of the system operation system and the rational construction of the administrative concept, such as local obedience. The concept of the overall situation, the concept of combining with the superior and the mass responsibility, the concept of "sunshine" and "transparency", the ethical choice of the civil service duty crime legislation, the ethical choice of the civil service duty crime law enforcement, the ethical choice of the civil servants' duty crime judicial ethics display the ethical function of the system regulation and control. Controlled by values, the values contained in the system include ethical judgments, and the formation of institutional ethics. Institutionalized ethical norms and non institutionalized moral norms superimpose the moral regulation of civil servants.
The fifth chapter: "moral education innovation of civil servants". Civil service moral education is an important means and effective way for civil servants to avoid duty crime through moral self-discipline. To improve the effectiveness of civil service moral education, it is necessary to consider the moral education of civil servants as a system, carry out moral education innovation, and realize effective communication and dissemination of moral information. The moral education of civil servants is a process of information dissemination, in which civil servants' moral education is a process of information dissemination by the government of different social systems in order to make civil servants practice their moral obligations according to moral principles and moral norms. In the course of the process, the civil service training institutions and the civil servants are the main and the guest of the communication education and the acceptance of education. They have achieved good educational results through a certain channel of communication. To a certain extent, this is a persuasive process. Finally, it puts forward the innovation of the moral education method in Dao De and the content of moral education. In order to improve the moral character of civil servants, we will innovate in the moral education system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 寧潔;法倫理學(xué)：學(xué)科抑或思想[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

2 李景華;反腐敗預(yù)防優(yōu)先理念研究[D];中國政法大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 和蕾;中國企業(yè)家犯罪及防控對策研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2160488